hs2250 final

what are the advantages of changing health behaviour at the community level versus personal levels

influencing makes a differences and makes healthy choices the easy choices

what does building capacity mean in community-based strategies?

providing effective programming, important strategic approach, building connections with other people all fosters good access to health promotion

what is a community

identity, belonging, shared values and norms and needs and connections.

community based programs have a large potential for what?

large potential for population changes

principles of participatory

democracy and social justice work to build widespread normative, economic and political support

community organization

comes from social work, referring to numerous methods of intervening to deal with social problems

what is community organization if not a "Science"

it is an art of building consensus within a democratic process

challenges to community organization

we do not know our neighbours like we used to, community is not as personal anymore because we depend on the "big guys" instead of the people around us which makes people feel we no longer have a community.

an example of organizing community organization

neighborhood watch community for common problems and concerns of safety/crime

what are the results of a food program where parents and kids cooked real meals together?

GOOD!!! found that 79% of families has improved nutrition, 26% had a strengthened family bond, 84% felt greater community communication

advice for community organization

keep good notes, listen to stakeholders, focus on a manageable work load

what are stake holders

who has an interest in the intervention and can help the project - all about building relationships in community

important questions of community organzation

is timing right? what are the changes over time?

the seven assumptions of organizing communities

1. Communications can develop capacity to deal with own problems

2. People want to change & can change

3. People should play active roles in major changes taking place in their coms.

4. Self-imposed changes work better than other-imposed changes (consider "buy in" factor)

5. Holistic approach offered thru varying interests provides more successful way to deal with issue

6. Democracy requires cooperation of people & their actions re what they want to change the people's involvement thru democracy make the change more viable

7. Help is often needed to mobilize communities toward meeting their needs

Process for organizing a community

1. recognizing the problem

2. making entry into the community

3. organizing the people

4. assessing the community

5. determining priorities and setting goals

6. selecting a solution to the problem

7. implement, evaluate, maintain

8. loop back

personnel

those who carry out the program

three types of personnel

internal resources, external resources, speakers bureaus

Internal Resources

individuals within organization or target population help

external resources

"outside in"approach - a teacher or someone from volunteer organization

speaker bureaus

often voluntary, symbiotic relationship (exposure for expertise)

curricula and instructional resources

develop own, get good materials, make combinations

space, equipment and supplies, financial resources

must consider all of these resource needs, purpose and magnitude and support of program determines how these will be handled

consumer based programs

programs that meet the needs, wants, preferences, desires of priority population.

responsibilities and competencies for health education specialists

- planning

- implementation

- communication

- leadership and management

- ethics and professionalism

social marketing

using marketing principles in planning, implementation, and evaluation of health education programs designed to bring about SOCIAL CHANGE.

Marketing

a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering values to customers

- concerned with outcomes that bring benefit

6 keys areas of social marketings contribution to health promotion

1. exchange theory

2. consumer orientation

3. competition

4. segmentation

5. marketing mix

6. pretesting

exchange theory

there are buyers who have needs and sellers who have products that can fill those needs (buyer is the priority population in health promotion)

consumer orientation

means all marketing related programs decisions are based on what planners know about the priority population and their preferences. need priority population in order to practice social marketing.

competition

peoples choices for how they are going to fill a need

segmentation

a way to divide priority population into smaller and more similar groups that will responsible to the intervention. it helps:

- narrow focus

- be more efficient

- make decisions regarding four p's

the four p's

product, price, promotion, place

segmentation in 5 steps

1. review research to identify behaviors that influence morbidity or mortality

2. decide what the focus is

3. review influences of behavior

4. groups with similar characteristics

5. choose the segments of focus

marketing matrix

once behavior is identifiable and audience segments are selected, make a plan related to the 4 p's

steps in working with a creative team

identity relations, hold meetings, allow time for work, do not over complicate

pretesting

need to make sure plan is on track, get feed back, always include priority population.

2 phases:

- pretesting product concepts

- pretesting promotional messages and materials

community is defined as

a collective body of individuals who share commonalities that are defined by characteristics and demographics

what elements characterize communities

memberships, common symbols systems, shared values and norms, mutual influence, shared needs and commitment to meeting them, shared emotional connection

what has the focus in health promotion shifted to

shifted from the individual to organizing communities to make sure all members of community are impacted by health promotion

the text book called community organizing the art of what

the art of building consensus within the democratic process

Rothmans best known categories of community organization

locality development, social planning, social actions

locality development (aka planning and policy practice)

use data to generate rationales that lead toward proposing and enacting particular solutions

social planning (aka community capacity development)

empowering those impacted by a problem with knowledge and skills to understand the problem and then world cooperatively to deal with the problem

social actions (now called social advocacy)

used to address a problem through the application of pressure on those who have created the problem or stand as a barrier to a solution to the problem

minkler and wallerstein pointed out

summarized newer perspective of community organizing within the context of older models by presenting a typology that incorporates both needs and strength based approaches.

- Needs based or strength based use collaboration strategies

- Conflict approaches use advocacy strategies

- Planner should be facilitator or assistant rather than the leader

recognizing the issue

process of community organizing and building begin when someone recognizes that an issues exists in the community and that something needs to be done about it

what is the person who recognizes the issue called

the initial organizer

grassroots citizen initiated/ bottom-up

organizing is when there is internal recognition of the issue or concern and efforts are made to address it

gatekeepers

refers to gaining entry into the community, one must pass through a gate in order to get to people in the community

cultural competence

being aware of cultural differences within a community and effectively work with the culture context of the community

Garcia express the need for cultural humility

openness to others cultures

organizing the people

recruit people who are already interested, not about converting at this point

what is Brager's executive participants

the core group is a small group of interested community members who are committed to the resolution of the concern

good leader attributes

change vision attributes, technical skills, interactional or experience skills

active participants

take part in most group activities and are not afraid to do the work that needs to be done

occasional participants

become involved intermittenly and usually only when major decisions are considered and made

supporting participants

are seldom involved in day-to-day operations or even key decision making, but may contribute in nonactive ways