Cultural Competence, Family Dynamics, and Social Determinants

Slander

A false statement of fact that is spoken or communicated orally.

Libel

A false statement of fact that is written, printed, or otherwise fixed in a permanent form.

The Burden of Proof Required

The statement was a false, defamatory factual claim, not a statement of opinion. The statement was communicated to a third party. The statement was about the plaintiff and could be understood as such by others. The plaintiff suffered harm to their reputation or finances as a result of the statement.

Health disparity

A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage.

Social determinants of health

The aspects of the non-medical conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect health functioning and quality of life outcomes.

Marginalized groups

Groups that are more likely to have poor health outcomes and die earlier.

Intersectionality

Research and policy model used to study complexities of people's lives and experiences.

Privilege

A category that represents advantages held by certain groups in society.

Oppression

A category that represents disadvantages faced by certain groups in society.

Racial identity

An individual's sense of belonging and identification with a particular racial group.

Ethnic identity

An individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic group, characterized by shared cultural, social, linguistic, and often religious factors.

Acculturation

The cultural modification or merging of people by adapting to or borrowing traits of a different culture, typically the dominant one.

Assimilation

Process through which individuals or groups from one culture adopt the customs, values, and behaviors of another culture, often resulting in a loss of their original cultural identity.

Cultural Care

Emphasizes the need to provide care based on an individual's cultural beliefs, practices, and values.

Cultural competence

Professional health care must be culturally sensitive, culturally appropriate, and culturally competent to meet the multifaceted health care needs of each person, family, and community.

Unconscious bias

Bias we are unaware of and that happens outside our control, influenced by our personal background, cultural environment, and personal experiences.

World view

The way an individual perceives and interprets the world around them.

Emic

An insider's perspective on a culture.

Etic

An outsider's perspective on a culture.

Culturally congruent care

Care that is based on an individual's cultural beliefs, practices, and values.

Common stressors

Factors that impact family functioning across the lifespan.

Cultural awareness

Self-examination of one's biases toward other cultures and an in-depth exploration of one's own cultural and professional background

Cultural knowledge

Learning or becoming educated about the beliefs and values of other cultures and diverse ethnic groups

Cultural skill

Ability to effectively engage with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds

Cultural encounters

Experiences that provide opportunities to engage with individuals from different cultures

Cultural desire

Having the motivation to engage patients so that you understand them from a cultural perspective

LEARN Model

A framework for understanding and addressing cultural differences in healthcare

Iceberg analogy tool

A metaphor illustrating that deeply held values reside 'underneath the iceberg' and are not immediately visible

Family durability

System of support and structure within a family that extends beyond the walls of the household

Family resiliency

Ability to cope with expected and unexpected stressors

Family diversity

Uniqueness of each family unit

Family dynamics

Interactions between family members that are affected by a family's makeup, structure, function, problem solving, and coping

Concept of family

Families represent more than a set of individuals. A family is more than a sum of its individual members.

Definition of family

A family is what an individual believes the family to be, including a set of interacting individuals related through biology or enduring commitments

Family forms

Patterns of people considered by family members to be included in a family

Factors influencing family forms

Family caregivers, poverty, housing insecurity, domestic violence

Structure and Function

Structure is based on the ongoing membership of the family and the pattern of relationships; family function involves the processes used by a family to achieve its goals

Family as context

Health and development of individual family members

Family as patient

Family patterns and processes

Family as a system

Both family members and family unit

Attributes of healthy families

Genetic factors, living with acute or chronic illnesses, diseases or trauma, end-of-life care

Family-centered care

Applying the nursing process and critical thinking to develop and implement family-centered nursing care

Family Assessment

A family-centered approach that establishes a working relationship with the patient and family

Planning Family-Centered Care

Work together with patients and their families to develop plans of care that all members clearly understand and mutually agree to follow

Evaluating the Outcomes of Family Care

Obtaining the family's perspective of care provided and if it met the family's needs

Explain the "LEARN" model

L: listen (listen with empathy and understanding to the patients problems)

E: explain (explain your own perception of the problem from a clinical stand point)

A: acknowledge (acknowledge differences and similarites between both perspectives)

R: recommend (recommend treatment options include; cultural and medical best perspectives)

N: negotiate (negotiate an agreement for a treatment plan that works for both nurse + patient)