Circulatory-immuneSystem-NA

RBC's are also known as __________.

Red blood cells

WBC's are also known as __________.

White blood cells (leukocytes)

Platelets are also known as __________.

Thrombocytes

The type of blood cell that carries oxygen is __________.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

The type of blood cell that fights infection is __________.

White blood cells (leukocytes)

The type of blood cell that works in clots is __________.

Platelets

The part of the blood that carries hormones, nutrients, etc. is __________.

Plasma

The type of blood cell that can diffuse through vessels is __________.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

The type of blood cell that is the most numerous in a drop of blood is __________.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Platelets are fragments of __________ cells.

Megakaryocytes

The universal donor blood type is __________.

O negative

The universal recipient blood type is __________.

AB positive

In hemolytic disease of the newborn, mom's blood type is __________ and baby's blood type is __________.

Rh negative for mom, Rh positive for baby

The liquid part of the blood is called __________.

Plasma

Oxygen specifically binds to __________ on RBC's.

Hemoglobin

There is about __________ liters of blood in the human body.

5 liters

Blood is more viscous than water, 5X __________ than water and slightly __________ (pH).

thicker, alkaline

Blood cell formation is called __________.

Hemopoiesis

Blood cells form in the __________.

Bone marrow

The hormone released by the platelet plug is __________.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

The substance released by spasms that triggers clotting is __________.

Vasoconstrictors

The two parts of the circulatory system are __________ and __________.

Systemic, pulmonary

The weight of the heart is approximately __________ grams.

300 grams/ 10 oz

The pointed part of the heart is called __________.

Apex

The pointed part of the heart angles toward __________.

the apex

The walls of the heart are called __________.

Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium

The hollow chambers that receive blood are __________.

Atria

The hollow chambers that pump blood are __________.

Ventricles

The area that separates the chambers is called __________.

Septum

__________ circulatory refers to the right side of the heart.

Pulmonary

__________ circulatory refers to the left side of the heart.

Systemic

The two atrioventricular valves are __________ and __________.

Tricuspid valve, bicuspid (mitral) valve

The two semilunar valves are __________ and __________.

Pulmonary valve, aortic valve

Another name for the bicuspid valve is __________.

Mitral valve

The 'lub' sound is caused by __________.

Closure of atrioventricular valves

The 'dup' sound is caused by __________.

Closure of semilunar valves

The main pacemaker of the body is __________.

Sinoatrial (SA) node

The part of the intrinsic conduction system that is within the septum is __________.

Atrioventricular (AV) bundle

The largest artery in the body is __________.

Aorta

The largest vein in the body is __________.

Vena cava

The arteries that feed the heart its blood supply are __________.

Coronary arteries

The type of vessel that connects arteries and veins is __________.

Capillaries

The three coats of the major blood vessels are tunica __________, __________, and __________.

intima, media, externa

Arteries carry blood __________ from the heart.

Away

The structure that connects the valves to the heart walls is __________.

Chordae tendineae

The hole in a fetus between the atria is called __________.

Foramen ovale

The connection between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in a fetus is called __________.

Ductus arteriosus

The expansion and recoil of an artery tells you the __________.

Pulse

The force exerted by blood in the arteries tells you the __________.

Blood pressure

Contraction of the atria is called __________.

Atrial systole

Because of the closed system and high pressure, the circulatory system __________.

Maintains blood flow

If this fluid is not reabsorbed, it will cause __________.

Edema

The extra leaked tissue fluid is called __________.

Lymph

The major lymphoid organs in the body include __________.

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils

The lymph nodes produce __________.

Lymphocytes

Lymph vessels are called __________.

Lymphatic vessels

Lymph vessels do not use __________.

A pump

The epithelial cells of a lymph capillary form __________ to make them more permeable.

Minivalves

The right lymphatic duct drains __________.

Right upper quadrant of the body

The rest of the body drains into the __________ duct.

Thoracic

The major clusters of lymph nodes include __________.

Cervical, axillary, inguinal

Lymph nodes are buried in __________.

Adipose tissue

Lymphocytes are found in which area of a lymph node? __________.

Cortex

Phagocytic macrophages hang out where in a lymph node? __________.

Medulla

Lymphocytes and ______________ are the common features of lymphoid organs.

Macrophages

The organ that stores platelets and is a reservoir for blood is __________.

Spleen

During hemorrhage, the two organs that empty stored blood to increase blood volume are __________ and __________.

Liver, spleen

The organ that functions only at peak level during youth is __________.

Thymus

The organs that mainly use a trapping function are __________.

Nodes

Peyer’s patches are found in __________.

The small intestine

The hormone that programs the T-lymphocytes in the thymus is __________.

Thymosin

The tonsils and Peyer’s patches are organs found in the __________ acronym.

MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)

The organ that destroys worn-out old red blood cells is __________.

Spleen

The type of defense that uses mainly barriers, cells, and chemicals is __________.

Nonspecific defense

Saliva and lacrimal fluid contain what antibacterial enzyme? __________.

Lysozyme

The first line of defense includes skin and __________.

Mucous membranes

The two main phagocytes in nonspecific defense are __________ and __________.

Macrophages, neutrophils

The 'police' type of lymphocytes that lyse nonspecific cells are called __________.

Natural killer cells

The four signs of inflammation are __________.

Redness, heat, swelling, pain

The two major inflammatory chemicals are __________ and __________.

Histamine, prostaglandins

Physical trauma, intense heat, irritating chemicals, and infection can all cause __________.

Inflammation

Natural killer cells inject __________ into a foreign cell to cause it to disintegrate.

Perforins

The group of 20 plasma proteins that can 'fix' to certain foreign cells are called __________.

Complement proteins

A virus-infected cell secretes small proteins called __________ to save those around it.

Interferons

Fever is initiated when chemicals called __________ are released by WBC’s.

Pyrogens

The two elements that bacteria require to multiply are __________ and __________.

Iron, nitrogen

The three major characteristics of the specific defense system are __________, __________, and __________.

Specificity, memory, self-nonself recognition

Any substance capable of exciting our immune system is called __________.

Antigen

Cells our body takes inventory of and considers normal to the body are called __________.

Self-cells

Small molecules called __________ sometimes attach to 'self' cells and cause allergies.

Haptens

Lymphocytes are made in __________.

Bone marrow

T-cells become immunocompetent in __________.

Thymus

B-cells become immunocompetent in __________.

Bone marrow

The term that means capable of responding to a specific antigen and binding is __________.

Immunocompetence

Macrophages arise from __________ in the bone marrow.

Monocytes

Antibody-mediated response is also called __________.

Humoral response

A fully mature B-cell creates a family of identical cells called __________.

Clones

Most clones become __________ cells.

Plasma

The faster response is the __________ response.

Secondary

Some B-cells will become __________ cells that run the secondary responses.

Memory