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Pauli Exclusion Principle
Electrons in an atom cannot have the same set of 4 quantum numbers
No orbital may have more than 2 electrons
Electrons in an orbital must have opposite
Valence Electrons
the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
Hund’s rule
when filling orbitals of the same energy (degenerate orbitals), electrons will singly occupy each orbital with parallel spins before any orbital is doubly occupied
what are we learning about
orbital, electron cofiguration.
S orbitas
Are spherical
#1 orbital max 2 electrons
P orbitals
Are like two balloons tied at the knot
#3 orbitals max 6 electrons
D orbitals
Are mainly like 4 balloons tied at the knot
#5 orbitals max 10 electrons
F Orbitals
Are mainly like 8 balloons tied at the knot
#7 orbitals max 14 electrons
Atomic Radius
Increases down group/Decreases across period
valence shell farther from nucleus
effective nuclear charge fairly similar
adding electrons to same valence shell
nuclear charge increases
Anions larger than neutral atom
Ionic Radius
Increases moving down the group and have the same charge
Higher valence shell=larger radius
Cations smaller than neutral atom