network addressing

Binary Numbering System

The number system that computers and most electronic systems use, consisting of two states represented by 1 and 0.

Hexadecimal Numbering System

A base-16 number system that consists of the decimal numbers 0-9 and uses letters A-F to represent values 10-15.

Physical Address

A 48-bit unique identifier for all network adapters, also known as a MAC address.

Logical Address

Network addresses assigned by software.

IPv4 Address

A 32-bit logical address consisting of four decimal numbers separated by a dot, ranging from 0 to 255.

IPv6 Address

A 128-bit address made up of eight 16-bit blocks.

Subnet Mask

Used to identify which octets in the IPv4 address are the host ID and which are the network ID.

Default Gateway

Responsible for forwarding data packets to destinations outside of the network.

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

A feature that allows a device to automatically assign itself an IP address on the 169.254.0.0 network when a DHCP server is unavailable.

Unicast Address

An address assigned to a single interface for the purpose of allowing one host to send and receive data.

Multicast Address

An address representing a dynamic group of hosts, to which packets are sent to all interfaces identified by that address.

Anycast Address

A unicast address assigned to more than one interface, typically belonging to different hosts.

Decimal Numbering System

The most used number system worldwide, consisting of the digits 0-9.

IPv4 Address Class

Identifies the range of IP addresses and the default subnet mask used.

How can an IPv6 address be shortened?

By omitting leading zeros in each block and using double colons (::) to represent consecutive blocks of zeros.