amsco apwh vocab unit 6-7.3

imperialism

established overseas empires

Sino-Japanese War

war between Japan and China over control of Korea in 1894

Formosa

taiwan

phrenologists

scientists who study the shape of the skull and believe it indicates a person's mental faculties and character - psuedoscience

Social Darwinism

applied the Darwin's idea about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies

David Livingstone

a missionary from Scotland who worked to end the illegal slave trade.

Quinine

a medicine thing that treats malaria.

Suez Canal

100 mile long canal that could save a trip around Africa

Corvee Laborers

unpaid workers who were forced to work on the Suez Canal as a form of taxation

Sierra Leone

1787, home for freed enslaved people

Gold Coast

Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward.

Settler Colony

Large numbers of people migrated to the colonies to live in the colony and establish a permanent presence.

Scramble for Africa

the competing efforts of Europeans to colonize Africa

Berlin Conference

Conference of european powers called by Otto von Bismarck to provide for the orderly colonization of Africa.

Afrikanners

Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa

Boer Wars

Wars between the Afrikaners and British in Africa over land.

Congo Free State

privately owned by King Leopold ll, inhumane conditions.

Abyssinia and Liberia

Only African countries unclaimed by Europeans. Natives to strong and dependent on the US.

Seven Year Wars

1756-1763. GB vs France. the French and Indian War.

Spheres of Influence in China

european nations have exclusive trading rights and access to natural resources in certain areas of China

Taiping Rebellion

working class rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan

Boxer Rebellion

wanted to attack and rid China of Chinese Christians and missionaries. Encouraged by Queen Cixi.

Colonization Society

established in 1893, leaders began plans to establish colonies in Mexico and Latin America

Indochina

France controlled Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

Malaya

British colony conquered in the 1870s which provided abundant supplies of tin rubber

Siam

Thailand, only southeast asian country to escape imperialism

Penal Colony of Australia

New South Wales, a state in southeast Australia, was founded by the British as a penal colony in 1788.

Treaty of Waitangi

guaranteed the rights of the Maori

Trail of Tears

forced migration of the eastern woodlands people to Oklahoma.

Monroe Doctrine

European countries shouldn't interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Manifest Destiny

the belief that white americans had a natural and inevitable right to expand to the Pacific Ocean

Spanish American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Roosevelt Corollary

the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America if they showed "instability"

The Great Game

GB vs Russia for Afghanistan.

Proclamation of 1763

reserved all land between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi river for natives. First time European government recognized territorial rights of natives.

Cherokee Nation

Native American tribe that was forced to leave their land because of the Indian Removal Act

Cherokee Phoenix

first Cherokee newspaper established in 1828

Ghost Dance

a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead

Tupac Amaru ll

Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family.

Benito Juarez

he was overthrown by Archduke Maximilian

Sepoy Mutiny

The Sepoys refused to use shell casings that were rumored to include pig or cow fat in their production and they all revolted against the army. Led to the dissolution of the East India Company.

British Raj

The name for the British government's military rule of India between 1858 and 1947.

Jose Rizal

Founder of La Liga Filipina

Pan Africanism

Western-educated Africans had a shared identity and nationalism

Sokoto Caliphate

Founded by Usman dan Fodio, this African state was based on Islamic history and law, supported slave trade.

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

the belief that their ancestors would drive the colonizers out if they killed all their cows.

Zulu Kingdom

founded by Shaka Zulu in 1818, the british and the dutch settlers broke up the kingdom in the Anglo Zulu War

Samory Toures War

chieftain led group of warriors to establish kingdom in Guinea.

Mahdist Revolt

In 1882 in a revolution led by Muhammad Ahmad, 1881 had proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the person who, according to an Islamic tradition, would rid the world of evil on September 2, 1898. The Anglo-Egyptian victory brought about the complete collapse

Yaa Asantewaa War

led by Yaa Asantewaa, fight over golden stool.

Cecil Rhodes

founder of De Beers Diamonds, he was an especially enthusiastic investor in a railroad project that was to run from Cape Town to Cairo to connect British-held colonies

Export Economy

A type of economy in which goods are produced mainly for export rather than for domestic use

Monocultures

lack of agricultural diversity

Hierarchy Apartheid

racial segregation

Economic Imperialism

foreign business interests have great economic power or influence.

Culture/Cultivation System

forced farmers to choose between growing cash crops for export or performing corvee labor

Opium War (1839-1842)

Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mind 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes.

Treaty of Nanking

Required China to open up four additional ports to foreigners, cede the island of Hong Kong to Britain, pay damages, and allow free trade.

Treaty of Tianjin

allowed foreign envoys to reside in Beijing, opened several new ports to western trade and allowed christian missionaries to travel freely.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Pampas

A grasslands region in Argentina and Uruguay

Banana Republics

Small Central American countries under the economic power of foreign-based corporations. Politically unstable states with an economy dependent upon the exportation of a limited-resource product.

Kanagani

(foreman who overseas workers) in Ceylon and Malaya recruited from their own extended family.

Maistry

(supervisors) system in Burma recruited laborers within a structured system with defined hierarchies and sent them to plantations.

Great Famine/Hunger

The result of four years of potato crop failure in Ireland, a country that had grown dependent on potatoes as a dietary staple.

Colonial Service

British colonial government services

Andrew Geddes Bain

(1797-1864) British geologist who immigrated to South Africa, helped build major roads and passes there, and then created the first comprehensive geological map of South Africa in 1852

Ethnic Enclaves

clusters of people of the same culture, but surrounded by people of a culture that is dominant in the region

Gold Rush

a period from 1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold.

Mohandas Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920.

Natal Indian Congress

Founded by Gandhi to expose to the world the rampant discrimination against Indians in South Africa.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Porfirio Diaz

Mexican president. promoted immigration.

Chinese Immigration Act

1855 Limited the number of Chinese who could come ashore from the ship in Australia.

Chinese Immigration Regulation and Restriction Act

restrict the number of Chinese immigrants from entering the colony

Influx of Chinese Restriction Act

restrict Chinese immigration by entrance tax.

White Australia Policy

A policy that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia

Bolsheviks

A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Guomindang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China but was thwarted by military leaders.

Turkification

an effort to make all citizens of the multiethnic empire identify with Turkish culture, which was heavily Islamic

Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal

(1881-1938) Nationalist leader of Turkey who is responsible for modernizing and westernizing his country after World War I. This enabled Turkey to resist imperialist attempts at takeover by various European powers.

Francisco Madero

Early leader in the Mexican Revolution; in 1911 became president of Mexico; wanted land ownership and free, honest elections, two years later he was murdered, led to power struggles

Francisco Pancho Villa

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. (819)

Emilio Zapata

Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated.

PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)

the political party introduced in 1929 in Mexico that helped to introduce democracy and maintain political stability for much of the 20th century

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by Gavrillo Princip of the Black Hand in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

Conscription

compulsory enlistment in the armed forces

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Machine Guns, Poison Gas, Tanks, Submarines and Airplanes.

fire more than 500 bullets per minute. chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas.

U-boat

a German submarine that was the first submarine employed in warfare, initially used during WW1

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

ANZAC

a special corps made up of Australian and New Zealand troops; fought at Gallipoli and suffered heavy losses

Maria Bochkareva

led the first Russian Women's Battalion of Death.

Paris Peace Conference

The peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles.

The Big Four

Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister)

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Treaty of Versailles

1919 peace treaty with Germany