Unit Two: American Revolution to Constitution (EOC)

Natural Rights

God-given rights that everyone who is human possess.

Social Contract Theory

People consented to surrender some freedoms in exchange for protection of their rights.

Federalist

Supporter of the U.S. constitution and strong central government.

Anti-Federalist

Against the U.S. constitution and feared strong central government.

Boycott

A form of protest where people refuse to buy goods or services from a particular company or country.

Repeal

To revoke a law or act of legislation.

Thomas Jefferson

Primary author of the Declaration of Independence.

Thomas Paine

England-born political philosopher and writer who supported revolutionary causes in America.

Benjamin Franklin

American ambassador working in Europe (France) to secure a military alliance.

John Adams

American ambassador working in Europe (Netherlands) to secure a loan.

John Locke

British philosopher who believed all individuals naturally possess certain rights.

Baron von Steuben

Experienced Prussian officer who taught drills to the milita the Valley Forge.

Marquis de LaFayette

A young French nobleman who served as a critical link for the military alliance.

John Burgoyne

A commander who lost to Washington because he did not know the geography.

Horatio Gates

Placed the canons on Bemis Heights Ridge; turning points of the Revolution.

Crispus Attucks

One of the Americans killed at the Boston Massacre.

Valley Forge

Training location during the winter of 1777; terrible weather conditions.

French and Indian War

Conflict was fought between France and Britain over control of North America.

Crossing the Delaware

Surprise Christmas Day attack where the milita was able to defeat the Hessians.

Treaty of Paris 1763

Results in France losing Canada and the Ohio River Valley.

Battle of Trenton

Plan was to use the River to arrive at Trenton.

Battle of Saratoga

Plan was to split the colonies but the British general didn’t know the terrain.

Treaty of Paris 1763

American independence is gained and land is acquired.

Yorktown

Surrender location of General Cornwallis.

Land of Ordinance 1765

Method for dividing land and creating townships.

Articles of Confederation

Created a simple “league of friendship” between the states.

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Northwest Ordiance

Procedure for adding new states to the union.

Stamp Act

Required every official document, newspaper, etc to have one attached to it.

Intolerable Acts

A combination of five acts; also done as a response to the Boston Tea Party.

Common Sense

Simple persuasive essay about Independence that everyone should understand.

Federalist Papers

Series of essays to convince New Yorkers the Constitution would protect and strengthen the United States.

Committee of Correspondence

Sent information to other colonies about their anti-British activities.

Great Compromise

Settled disputes between large states and small states.

Committee of 5

Appointed by the Continental Congress to draft the Declaration.

3/5th Compromise

States were permitted to count a portion of their slaves toward the population.

Sons of Liberty

Led by Samuel Adams; protesting and boycotting; and at times violent.

Daughters of Liberty

Helped boycott British goods by making cloth and refusing British tea.

Shays’ Rebellion

Led an angry group of farmers to attack the Massachusetts Courthouse.

How did the French and Indian War lead to the American Revolution?

It caused Britain to impose taxes on the colonies to pay for war debt, leading to colonial resistance and eventually revolution.

How are John Locke and Thomas Jefferson similar in their philosophy?

They both believed in natural rights.

What was the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and the victory at Trenton?

It proved America could win, increased nationalism, and helped regain control of New Jersey.

How did Shays’ Rebellion demonstrate the weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

It showed its inability to raise a sufficient military force.

What did the Anti-Federalists want added to the U.S. constitution?

Bill of Rights

What does this picture depict?

Stamp act

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1st Continental Congress

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Washington crossing Delaware

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Battle of Saratoga