PERDEV THEORY 3-4 (?)

Jean Piaget

Swiss psychologist

“Child psychlogist”

Developed one of the most important cognitive development

Children re curious, they think like scientists

Sensorimotor

(0-2 years)

Object permanence

• Understanding that objects exists independent of our abilities to perceive them

Pre-operational

(2-7 years)

Animism

• Seess inanimate objects as real and thinks that they have feelings

Symbolism

• Words, images, colors represents an idea/thing

• They understand that x can mean/be a symbol for y

Symbolism

Banana phone

Irreversibility

• Inability to reverse their thinking/processes

Irreversibility

Being unable to pour orange juice back into a tumbler after they poured it in a cup

Concrete operational

7-11 years

Reversibility

Knows how to reverse actions

Seriation

• Making a series based a pattern

Formal operational

11+ years

Abstract Thinking

• Understanding of concepts beyond physical ideas

Abstract Thinking

Debating the morality of doing _

Systematic Thinking

• Problem-Solution

• Logical way of thinking with steps

Hypothesis and Reflection

• “If-Then” situations

• Drawing conclusions and thinking about the results of x

Lawrence Kohlberg

• American psychologist that was inspired by Piaget

• Based his research on not what should be done but is more interested in the reasoning behind it/used to jusitfy the response

• Focused on “Why”

Heinz Dilemma

presenting a scenario where a man must decide whether to steal an overpriced drug to save his dying wife.

Moral development theory

explains how people learn to distinguish right from wrong

Pre-conventional

3-7 years moral development

Stage 1

• Punishment orientation, obedience is highly considered

Stage 1

He will get punished if he steals the drug

Stage 2

Pleasure seeking orienttion

• Action determined by their needs

• Egocentric and for their own benefit

Conventional

8-13 years moral development

Stage 3

Good boy/Good girl orientation

• Action determined by the approval of their peer group

Stage 4

Authority Orientation

• Uphold law at all costs, follow social rules

Postconventional

Adulthood

Stage 5

Social-contract orientation

• Rules are more open to question based on good for community

Stage 6

Morality of individual principles

• High vlue on justice, dignity, and equality

• Accept penalty of punishmeny but self action is chosen by ethical principles