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Health Psychology
Explores the impact of psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors on health and wellness.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health.
Stress
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
Eustress
Positive stress that can mobilize the immune system and motivate us to conquer problems.
Distress
Negative stress that can trigger risky decisions and unhealthy behaviors.
Types of Stress
Includes catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles and social stress.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Activated during the fight-or-flight response, leading to increased heart and respiration rates.
General Adaptation Syndrome
Long-term stress response characterized by three phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Tend-and-Befriend Response
Under stress, people (especially women) may nurture themselves and others and seek social support.
Learned Helplessness
A condition in which a person feels unable to control their environment due to repeated uncontrollable events.
Internal Locus of Control
The perception that one controls their own fate and outcomes.
External Locus of Control
The perception that external forces or chance determine one's fate.
Self-control
The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards.
Coping Strategies
Methods to handle personal problems or stress, including problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.
Autoimmune Diseases
Conditions caused by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, influenced by stress.
Coronary Heart Disease
A leading cause of death in the US, heavily influenced by stress and Type A personality traits.
Perceived Stress Scale
A tool used to measure the perception of stress in individuals.
Resilience
The personal strength to cope and recover from stress or adversity.
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