TEAS Study Guide - Science: Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

Flashcards covering directional terms, anatomical regions, planes, organ systems, major organs, brain and cranial nerves, muscles, circulatory and respiratory anatomy, digestive system, and integumentary system concepts from the notes.

What term describes the structure toward the back of the body?

Posterior (dorsal).

What term describes the structure toward the head?

Cranial (cephalic).

What term describes the structure toward the midline of the body?

Medial.

What term describes the structure away from the midline of the body?

Lateral.

What term means closer to the point of attachment (in limbs)?

Proximal.

What term means farther from the point of attachment (in limbs)?

Distal.

What term describes the front of the body?

Anterior (ventral).

What term describes the back of the body?

Posterior (dorsal).

Which view shows the body from the front?

Anterior view.

Which view shows the body from the back?

Posterior view.

What term refers to the armpit?

Axillary.

What term refers to the shoulder region?

Acromial.

What term refers to the forearm?

Antebrachial.

What term refers to the wrist?

Carpal.

What term refers to the palm?

Palmar.

What term refers to the eye socket?

Ocular or orbital.

What term refers to the nose?

Nasal.

What term refers to the ear?

Otic.

What term refers to the neck?

Cervical.

What term refers to the chest?

Thoracic.

What term refers to the breast?

Mammary.

What term refers to the abdomen?

Abdominal (abdomen).

What term refers to the navel?

Umbilical.

What term refers to the pelvis?

Pelvic.

What term refers to the arm?

Brachial.

What term refers to the front of the elbow?

Antecubital.

What term refers to the forearm?

Antebrachial.

What term refers to the wrist?

Carpal.

What term refers to the palm?

Palmar.

What term refers to the kneecap?

Patellar.

What term refers to the leg?

Crural.

What term refers to the ankle?

Tarsal.

What term refers to the toes?

Digits (phalanges).

What term refers to the great toe?

Hallux.

What term refers to the thumb?

Pollex.

What term refers to the groin?

Inguinal.

What term refers to the pubic region?

Pubic (pubis).

What term refers to the thigh?

Femoral.

What term refers to the foot?

Pedal.

Which landmark is the shoulder?

Acromial.

Which landmark is the back of the elbow?

Olecranal.

Which landmark is the back of the knee?

Popliteal.

Which landmark is the heel?

Calcaneal.

Which landmark is the sole of the foot?

Plantar.

What plane divides the body into left and right halves?

Sagittal plane.

What plane divides the body into front and back portions?

Frontal (coronal) plane.

Which region is at the top right of the abdomen?

Right hypochondriac region.

Which region lies in the middle upper abdomen?

Epigastric region.

Which region is at the top left of the abdomen?

Left hypochondriac region.

Which region lies in the right lumbar area?

Right lumbar region.

What region is directly around the belly button?

Umbilical region.

Which region is the center of the lower abdomen?

Hypogastric region.

Which region is at the left iliac area?

Left iliac region.

Which region is at the right iliac area?

Right iliac region.

Which quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder?

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ).

Which quadrant contains the appendix?

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ).

Which quadrant contains the stomach and spleen?

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ).

Which quadrant contains the intestines primarily in the lower abdomen?

Lower quadrants (RLQ and LLQ).

What components make up the Integumentary System?

Skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.

Which system secretes hormones that regulate body processes?

Endocrine system.

Which system defends against pathogens and returns lymph to the blood?

Lymphatic system.

Which organ processes food for the body and removes wastes from undigested food?

Digestive system.

Which gland(s) produce saliva?

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual (salivary glands).

Which organ stores bile?

Gallbladder.

What is the first portion of the small intestine called?

Duodenum.

Which organ produces bile?

Liver.

Which organ digests and absorbs nutrients, and is divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?

Small intestine.

Which organ completes digestion and absorbs water, forming solid waste?

Large intestine (colon).

Which organ stores and concentrates bile prior to release?

Gallbladder.

Which gland secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the duodenum?

Pancreas.

Which organ is primarily responsible for visual processing in the brain?

Occipital lobe.

Which lobes are involved in reasoning and voluntary movement?

Frontal lobe.

Which lobe processes auditory information?

Temporal lobe.

Which brain structure controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Medulla (brainstem).

Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?

CN I – Olfactory.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

CN II – Optic.

Which cranial nerve controls most eye movements?

CN III – Oculomotor.

Which cranial nerve mediates facial expression and taste?

CN VII – Facial.

Which cranial nerve carries sensation from the face and controls chewing?

CN V – Trigeminal.

Which cranial nerve handles hearing and balance?

CN VIII – Auditory (Vestibulocochlear).

Which cranial nerve is involved in swallowing and taste in the posterior tongue?

CN IX – Glossopharyngeal.

Which cranial nerve provides parasympathetic supply to thoracic and abdominal organs and some taste?

CN X – Vagus.

Which cranial nerve controls tongue movements?

CN XII – Hypoglossal.

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

CN XI – Spinal Accessory.

Which muscle elevates the scapula?

Levator scapulae.

Which muscle is the primary neck flexor and rotates the head?

Sternocleidomastoid.

Which muscle forms the posterior neck and upper back (shoulder area)?

Trapezius.

Which muscle is the main abductor of the arm?

Deltoid.

Which muscle extends the shoulder and adducts the arm, located on the back?

Latissimus dorsi.

Which forearm muscle flexes the elbow and lies along the medial side?

Brachialis.

Which forearm muscle flexes the wrist on the thumb side?

Flexor carpi radialis.

Which forearm muscle flexes the wrist on the pinky side?

Flexor carpi ulnaris.

Which tendon runs to the calcaneus and is commonly known as the Achilles tendon?

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon.

Which skin layer contains the keratinized outer cells and is the toughest layer?

Stratum corneum (epidermis).

Which glands secrete sebum to lubricate the skin?

Sebaceous glands.

Which cells in the epidermis produce melanin?

Melanocytes.

What is the connective tissue layer that anchors the epidermis to the dermis?

Basement membrane.

Which sensory receptor in the skin detects light touch?

Tactile corpuscle (Meissner’s corpuscle).

Which skin layer contains sweat glands and arrector pili muscles?

Dermis.

Which skin layer contains hair follicles and fat (presents as the hypodermis)?

Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue).