3.1 Temperature & Heat

How to convert celcius to fahrenheit temperatures ?

How to convert celcius to Kelvin temperatures ?

Mathematically, how does pressure & temperature relates ?

Linear relationship

When do gases reach zero pressure ?

Almost the same temperature : -273°C / absolute zero temperature 0K

What do gases experience at temperatures higher than absolute zero ?

Condensation

What is thermal expension ?

When a body is heated and its atoms and molecules displace forward to occupy a wider space.

How do solids experiment thermal expansion ? Give the formula associated with the change in length.

-each side expands along a line (elongation)

-cooling causes linear contraction

-The coefficient of proportionality alpha is called the “coefficient of linear expansion,” expressed in °C^-1

How do liquids experiment thermal expension ?

Since liquids assume the form of their containers, they would expand or contract volumetrically.

Beta = coefficient of volumetric expansion

What is the relationship between alpha & beta ?

As alpha characterizes a unidirectional expansion & Beta a three-dimensional (3D) expansion

How is the amount of heat exchanged calculated ?

C (coefficient of prop.) = “heat capacity” in J/K

Q in J

How is C calculated ?

Product of mass m of the system & specific heat

Specific heat is expressed in J/kg.K and is the amount of heat needed by a unit mass of a material to change its temperature by 1 degree.

What is Heat of Transformation L ?

Amount of heat absorbed or released during a phase change or chemical reaction. It is a measure of the energy required to transform a substance from one state to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.

Give another formula for the exchange of Heat, using L :