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Chapter 2.5-2.6: Life's Chemical Basis
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Biology
11th
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14 Terms
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solvent
Substance, typically a liquid, that can dissolve other substances; e.g., water
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solute
A dissolved substance
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hydrophilic
Describes a substance that dissolves easily in water; e.g., a salt
Having a strong affinity for water
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hydrophobic
Describes a substance that resists dissolving in water; e.g., an oil
Lacking affinity for water
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temperature
Measure of molecular motion
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evaporation
Transition of a liquid to a gas; requires energy input
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cohesion
Tendency of molecules to stick together under tension; a property of liquid water
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hydrogen ions (H+)
an atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron. they are the key to the reactions of acids
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hydroxide ions (-OH)
released from bases when added to water
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pH scale
A measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a solution
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acids
Any substance that releases hydrogen ions in water
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bases
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions as it dissolves in water
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salt
Compound that dissolves easily in water and releases ions other than H+ and OH-
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buffer system
Set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and accepting ions that contribute to pH
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