Critical Thinking Unit 2 Review

Flashcards for Critical Thinking Unit 2 Study Guide Review

What are the topics covered in Critical Thinking Unit 2?

Facts, Inferences & Judgements; Recognizing Arguments; Basic Logical Concepts; Understanding Arguments; Deductive and Inductive Arguments; Propaganda

Define 'Fact'.

A statement that can be proven true or false with objective evidence.

Define 'Inference'.

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

Define 'Judgement'.

An opinion or evaluation based on a set of values or criteria.

What is a 'Premise' in an argument?

A statement assumed to be true that is used to support a conclusion.

What does 'Objective' mean?

Based on facts; unbiased.

What does 'Subjective' mean?

Based on personal feelings or opinions.

What is a 'Conclusion'?

The statement that is supported by the premises.

Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning in which the conclusion is guaranteed to be true if the premises are true.

Inductive Reasoning

Reasoning in which the conclusion is likely to be true based on the evidence, but not guaranteed.

What is a 'Syllogism'?

A deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion.

What is 'Propaganda'?

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

What is an 'Infodemic'?

A rapid and excessive spread of information about something, such as a disease, that is typically unfounded and of dubious accuracy.

What is the 'Principle of Charity'?

Interpreting an argument in the most reasonable way possible.

What is an example of a propaganda technique?

Name-calling, Transfer, Glittering Generalities, Plain Folks, Card Stacking, Testimonials, Bandwagon

Define 'Misinformation'.

False or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive.

Define 'Disinformation'.

False information that is intended to mislead, especially propaganda issued by a government organization to a rival power or the media.

Why is critical thinking important in today’s world?

Critical thinking skills help individuals identify reasoning flaws, biases, or weaknesses.