Cold War

Primary

Secondary source

Contains portions of primary documents, the authors interpretation of events

Origin of source

Background information about where the source came form

Purpose of a source

The intended audience and main point behind creating the source

Cold War

Hostility between the USSR and the U.S without direct military conflict

Years of Cold War

1945-1991

Satellite nations

Nations in Eastern Europe controlled by the Soviet Union

Containment

U.S policy to stop the spread of communism

Domino Theory

If one nation falls to communism, others will follow

Truman Doctrine

President Truman asked congress to give 400 million to Greece and turkey to help resist communism

Marshall plan

U.S gave 13.5 billion to help rebuild Western Europe after World War Two, U.S wanted to help Western Europe resist communism and build future trading partners

Berlin blockade

Soviet blockade of supplies to West Berlin

Berlin Airlift

U.S and British dropped supplies to West Berlin, Germany was then splitted into two nation- democratic West Germany and communist East Germany

Cold War arms race

Competition between countries to build military resources

Deterrence Theory

Strategy of building nuclear forces to prevent attacks, if either sides attack it is often referred to as “mutually assured destruction” (MAD)

Results of Arms race

Formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact

Chinese Civil War (1949)

Establishment of communist China, Mao’s army won and established China a communist country, the U.S promised to defend Taiwan if it was invaded by China

Mao Zedong

Turned China into a communist country and leader of communist China

Chiang Kai-Shek

Represents the non communists side of China, helped create the split if China and Taiwan

Korean War: Main reason why U.S entered Korean War

After World War Two, the U.S entered a civil war in Korea to stop communism from taking over South Korea and beyond

4 results if the Korean War

Continued division in Korea, continued tension between the U.S and China, improved relations between the U.S and Japan, increased fear of communism

Douglas MacArthur

Shaped the U.S military strategy in Asia and had a huge influence on postwar Japan and the early Korean War

2nd red scare

Fear that communism was spreading inside America during the early Cold War

Causes of 2nd red scare

Mass hysteria and paranoia, spread of communism in E. Europe and Asia, USSR obtained nuclear weapons, discovery of spies in America

Executive Order 9835

In 1947 President Truman ordered loyalty program investigating employees that deemed disloyal or those with potential communist ties

McCarthyism

Accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence

Joseph McCarthy

Senator that claimed he had a list of people within the state department who were communist, these numbers were always changing

Alger hiss

Was a spy

Ethel and Julius Rosenburg

Was a spy, helped give the USSR information to help develop an atomic bomb

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Congressional committee created to investigate communism inside and outside the U.S government

Hollywood 10

10 witnesses from film industry who refused to cooperate with HUAC’s investigation, they were blacklisted and sent to prison

Blacklisted

List of people who were not allowed to work because if alleged communist connection

Impact of McCarthysim on those accused of communism

Created fear and damaged many people lives

NATO

Formed in 1949 between most democratic nations to protect each other from communist attack

Warsaw pact

Formed in 1955 between most communist nations to protect one another from invasion by western powers