PHL EXAM 4 CHP 6 Q&A/VOCAB

the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and are working together to maintain internal stability.

homeostasis

physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body.

metabolism

a structural unit in the human body that performs a specific function.

organ

a group of cells that perform a similar task.

tissue

the basic structural unit of the body that divides, develops, and dies, renewing tissues and organs.

cell

a natural protective covering.

integument

to widen.

dilate

to narrow.

constrict

the place at which two bones meet.

joint

a group of tissues that provides movement of body parts, protection of organs, and creation of body heat.

muscles

central nervous system (CNS)

the part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

part of the nervous system made up of the nerves that extend throughout the body.

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

the process of inhaling air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs.

respiration

natural sugar.

glucose

a chemical substance created by that body that controls body functions.

hormone

a condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin.

diabetes

a form of diabetes associated with pregnancy.

gestational diabetes

a type of immunity that protects the body from disease in general.

nonspecific immunity

a type of immunity that protects the body against a particular disease that is invading the body at a given time.

specific immunity

a clear yellowish fluid that carries disease-fighting cells called lymphocytes.

lymph

objective information about a persons health

Signs

Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient

Symptoms

the front of the body or body part

Anterior (ventral)

farther away from the torso

Distal

integument (skin)

What is the largest organ and system in the body?

Skin also prevents the loss of too much

water

the skin is also an

sense organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure.

skin prevents

injury to internal organs

The smallest of all blood vessels in the body.

What are capillaries?

Where are capillaries located?

In the dermis, which is the inner layer of the skin.

controls and coordinates body functions

the nerve system

two main parts of the nerve system

central nerve system and peripheral nerve system

list the five sense organs of the body

eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin

list three parts of the ear

outer, middle, inner ear

The pleura is a two-layered membrane attached to the

two layered membrane that covers the lung

list two functions of the urinary system

Remove waste, water and Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance

where are waste products and excess water filtered from the blood?

the kidneys

how will a PBT test to evaluate for kidney health?

renal panel

how will a PBT test you for a UTI

through a blood test

preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells

Digestive

What is absorption in the context of digestion?

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system.

Where do nutrient molecules go after absorption?

Into the blood.

a tests that tests the liver

Hepatic Function Panel

chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions

hormones are a

A hormone that helps move glucose from the blood into cells for energy.

What is insulin?

Where is insulin secreted?

By the pancreas.

What is the hormone that readies the body for the 'fight or flight' response?

Adrenaline

Where is adrenaline produced?

Adrenal glands (on top of the kidneys)

What are the effects of adrenaline on the body?

Increases heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and blood sugar level.

the female reproductive cycle in maintained by the hormones

estrogen and progesterone

whats is the pregnancy test that detects the presence of the hormone

hCG

Blood tests for PSA may be used to screen men over 55 for

prostate cancer

the immune system protects the body from

Disease causing bacteria , viruses and microorganism

immunity that protects the body from disease in general.

non-specific immunity

immunity that protects against. a particular disease

Specific immunity

list three ways the body protects itself against disease in general

atomic barrier, physiologic barriers, inflammatory response

skin, oral mucosa, respiratory epithelium, intestine

Atomic barriers

hunger, sickness, disabilities, pain

Physiological Barriers

nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

inflammatory response

what are two ways a person can gain acquired immunity ?

the body forms antibodies to not get it again and the person can also get a vaccine for the virus or illness.

why is muscle activity important to the functions of the lymphatic system?

the fluid has to be circulated by muscle activity , massage, and breathing. the rubbing action helps the lymph fluid circulate, carrying waste products away from the tired muscle.

a group of cells that perform a similar task

Tissue

The basic structure unit of the body

Cell

the liver

what part of the body does a hepatic function panel relate to?

what CLIA-wavied test related to the digestive system may be performed by a PBT or other certified healthcare worker?

stool for occult (hidden) blood

when a disease or injury occurs the bodys

metabolism is disturbed and homeostasis is lost.

Body systems are made up of

organs

Organs are made up of

tissues

Tissues are made up of

cells

the hand is

distal to the body

the skin is a sense organ that feels

heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure

What regulates body temperature?

Skin

What happens to blood vessels when the outside temperature is too high?

They dilate or widen.

What is the purpose of blood vessels dilating when it's hot outside?

To bring more blood to the body's surface to cool it off.

What is one function of the integumentary system?

Protect internal organs from injury.

What is another function of the integumentary system?

Protect the body against bacteria.

What is a third function of the integumentary system?

Prevent the loss of too much water.

What is a ball and socket joint?

A joint that allows movement in all directions.

What is a hinge joint?

A joint that permits movement in one direction only.

What are examples of hinge joints?

The elbow and knee.

muscles provide movement of

body parts to maintain posture and to produce heat.

What are voluntary muscles also called?

Skeletal muscles

To what are voluntary muscles attached?

Bones

How can voluntary muscles be moved?

When a person wants them to move

an example of a voluntary muscle are

arm and leg muscles which are continously controlle

an example of involuntary muscles are

they cannot be consciously controlled. an example is the heart

What is the nerve system?

The control and message center of the body.

What does the nerve system control?

It controls and coordinates all the body functions.

What does the nerve system do with information from outside the body?

It senses and interprets information.

the central nerve system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. but also

also the nose, ears, neck and eyes.

cerebrum

the largest section of the human brain is

right and left hemispheres. each controls the opposite side.

The cerebrum is divided into

controls balance and regulates the body's voluntary muscles.

Cerebellum

the sense organs rely on

the impulses to the nerves.

What covers each lung?

Pleural membrane

How many layers does the pleural membrane have?

Two layers

What is the function of the layer of the pleural membrane attached to the chest wall?

It is attached to the chest wall.

What is the function of the layer of the pleural membrane attached to the lung?

It is attached to the surface of the lung.

the space between the layers filled is filled with a thin fluid that

lubricates the layers, preventing them from rubbing together during breathing.

blood gas testing is commonly used to evaluate

the function of the respiratory system its usually drawn for adults through the artery (arterial blood)