Test 1

Adolescence

A crucial developmental stage typically beginning with the onset of puberty around ages 11-13 and concluding between ages 17-19.

Early Adolescence

Subdivided stage of adolescence from ages 11 to 13.

Middle Adolescence

Subdivided stage of adolescence from ages 14 to 16.

Late Adolescence

Subdivided stage of adolescence from ages 17 to 18/19.

Negative stereotypes of adolescents

Common perceptions include moodiness, irresponsibility, and poor decision-making.

Emerging Adulthood

A transitional phase from ages 18-25 characterized by diverse pathways toward adulthood.

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

Focuses on the development of personality through three components: ID, EGO, and superego.

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

Identifies identity vs. identity confusion as a challenge unique to adolescence.

Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory

Suggests that individuals actively construct their view of the world through four stages of cognitive development.

Imaginary Audience

A concept in adolescent egocentrism that suggests adolescents believe everyone is focused on them.

Personal Fable

The belief that an adolescent's experiences and feelings are unique and different from those of others.

Developmental changes during adolescence

Includes physiological changes triggered by puberty and cognitive transitions.

Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics

Primary refers to genitalia present at birth; Secondary are physical traits that develop during puberty.

Impact of Early Maturation on Girls

Can lead to increased popularity but also associated with negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety and depression.

Impact of Late Maturation on Boys

Often leads to feeling self-conscious and less popular, but may also correlate with greater academic focus.

Cognitive development changes

Linked to brain maturation, including changes in neurotransmitter levels and development of the prefrontal cortex.

Ecological Theory

Proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, highlighting the influence of various systems on individual development.

Research Design Types

Includes experimental, correlational, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and sequential designs, each with unique strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Theories of Intelligence

Includes Sternberg's triarchic intelligence model and Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, emphasizing different forms of intellectual abilities.