Heat and temperature

The kinetic thoery of matter

All of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion

Temperature

Use to determine the intensity of heat present in a substance or object.

Celsius

The most widely used temperature scale in the world. It is based on both the freezing and boiling points of water under I atm of air pressure.

Farenheit

Is the temperature scale used by countries who still use the English system, like the US.

Kelvin

The absolute temperature that is based on the Celsius scale. It is used by scientists to show absolute temperatures,

Rankine

Is the absolute degree scale used by scientists who uses the Fahrenheit scale.

Thermal expansion

All gases, liquids, and most solids expand when their temperature increases.

Heat

The flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.

Thermal energy

Total random kinetic energy of particles in an object.

Calorie

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C

Specific heat

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Energy moves in 3 ways

Conduction

The process that moves energy from one object to another when they are touching physically-

Conductors

Materials that transter energy easily.

Insulators

Materials that do not transfer energy easily.

Convection

The process that transfers energy by the movement of large numbers of particles in the same direction within a liquid or gas.

Radiation

The energy that travels by electromagnetic microwwisis, a light, infrared light)

Calorimetry

Is defined as the science of measuring heat.

Emile clapeyron

Was a French Engineer And Physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics.

Mole

Defined in chemistry as amount of substance

Avogadro’s number

Number of particles within one measured mole

Avogadro’s law

States that equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

Ideal Gas Constant

Proportionality constant relating energy to temperature.

Boltzmann Constant

He was the founder of modern atomic theory

He present the kinetic molecular theory of Gases

Gay-Lussac’s law

States that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant.