Studied by 2 people
Light is
Electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength is
the distance from on one wave to the same point of the next wave and is used describe electromagnetic waves. It is usually measured meters or nanometers.
red light has a wavelength of
about 700 nm
Wavelengths longer than 700 nm fall into the
infrared region
Violet light has a wavelength of about
400 to 370 nm
Wavelengths shorts than 400 to 370 nm fall into the
ultraviolet (UV) region
Frequency
the number of waves that pass through a point in one second
hertz
A frequency of one wave cycle per second
he energy of a photon of light depends on its
frequency and wavelength
Flame test
Observe colors emitted by different metal ions
spectral lines
colors of only certain energies
Scientists often use _______________ as “fingerprints” to identify elements
line spectra
Photoelectric effect
light causes atoms to eject electrons
The Bohr Model
Electrons orbit the nucleus
Only certain orbit energies are “allowed”
Electrons can jump between levels
Light is absorbed or released when electrons jump
When an electron ____________ light, it jumps to a higher energy level
absorbs
When it drops a lower energy level, it ______________ that energy as light
releases
If electrons jump to higher levels, the atom is in the ______________
excited state
Ground state
all electrons in lowest possible levels
if the electron drops from level 5 to level 2, it releases energy in the form of a photon of _________
blue light
As it dropped from level 2 to level 1, it releases ___________
ultraviolet light
Nuclear fusion
The reason the sun gives off light
Specialized cameras can convert infrared energy into visible images, making it possible to “see” someone in the dark. This technique is called ________________
infrared imaging or thermal imaging
The quantum model, which describes ____________
electrons both as particles and as waves
quantum mechanics
A field of study that deals with the unique and surprising behavior of subatomic particles
____________ introduced a startling idea called the uncertainty principle
Werner Heisenberg
One of the key ideas of the uncertainty principle is that __________
it is impossible to precisely know the exact velocity and location of a particle
A second principle of quantum mechanics is ______________
When dealing with tiny particles (such as electrons), we can’t describe them simply as particles - many of their behaviors more closely resemble energy waves
Energy and sublevel rules
Electrons occupy different energy levels
Each energy level contains one or more sublevels
Each sublevel contains one or more orbitals
Each orbital holds up two electrons
the ___________ tells us the number of electrons present in any neutral atom
atomic number
Hund’s Rule
If empty orbitals of the same energy are available, electrons singly occupy orbitals rather than pairing together
Valance Level
The highest occupied electron energy level
Up to 8 electrons in valence level
____________ involve the gain, loss, or sharing of electrons
Chemical changes
Octet Rule
An atom is stabilized by having its highest - occupied (valence) energy level filled
ions are particles with __________
an overall positive or negative charge
Isoelectronic
they have the same electron configurations
elements exhibit similar behavior when _______
their electron configurations are similar
For any atom, we can determine its highest occupied electron energy level from _________
the row it occupies on the periodic table
The right - hand main group block contain elements with _________
highest energy electrons in a p sublevel
The transition elements have outer electron configurations corresponding to ________
d1 to d10
The inner transition elements have out electron configurations corresponding to ______
f1 to f14
Note 
Flashcard (63)