Energy and Machines

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to energy and machines, including definitions and equations relevant for understanding the topic.

Energy

The ability to cause change.

Thermal Energy

The energy of heat.

Chemical Potential Energy

Energy due to chemical bonds.

Nuclear Energy

The energy released by atoms.

Electromagnetic Energy

The energy of light.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion.

Potential Energy

The energy stored due to the interactions between objects.

Sound Energy

The energy of sound carried as a wave.

Radiant Energy

The energy of electromagnetic waves generated by vibrating particles.

Elastic Potential Energy

The energy stored by compressing or stretching an object.

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy due to gravitational forces between objects.

Law of Conservation of Energy

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted or transferred.

Mechanical Energy

The sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of objects in a system.

Power

The rate at which energy is converted.

Simple Machine

A machine that does work with only one movement. Examples: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, screw, wedge, inclined plane.

Compound Machine

A combination of two or more machines.

Efficiency

Describes the extent to which time or effort is used for the intended task.

Mechanical Advantage

Looks at the increase of force that a machine is doing.

Work

Force applied through a distance.

Kinetic Energy (Equation)

SI unit= Joules, Equation: KE= ½ Mass (kg) x [Speed (m/s)]².

Gravitational Potential Energy (Equation)

SI unit= Joules, Equation: GPE = mgh.

Power (Equation)

SI unit= Watt, Equation: P = W/t.

Efficiency (Equation)

Efficiency = (Output / Input) x 100%.

Mechanical Advantage (Definition)

SI unit= no unit.

Work (Equation)

SI unit= Joules, Equation: W = f/s.