AP World History U3

End of Medieval Period

Monarchies gain power, new monarchies emerge in England (Tudors), France (Valois), and Spain (Isabella and Ferdinand)

The Tudors

Divine right of kings, Parliament, English Bill of Rights, growing middle class, less feudalism

Louis XIV

Divine right of monarchy, tax farmers, king has complete authority, nobles in Versailles to intimidate

Lutheranism

Martin Luther, 95 Theses, reforms to the church

Calvinism

John Calvin, simplicity, hard work ethic, obedience, lead to Huguenots in France and Puritans in England

Anglicanism

Henry VII wanted to divorce and marry Anne Boleyn, created his own church

Counter Reformation

Response of Roman Catholics

1.) Inquisition to get rid of nonbelievers

2.) Jesuits to spread missionary activity

3.) Council of Trent corrected some corrupted church practices

Scientific Revolution

Reason not blind faith

Russia

Ivan the Terrible expands Russia into Mongol territory using gunpowder

Orthodox church

Romanovs lose power

China

Mongol Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) overthrown by Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

Mings expand into Mongol territory and bring back Civil Service Exam

Qing Dynasty takes over (1644-1911)

Qings evolve to Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia

Bureaucracy becomes corrupt causing rebellion

Japan

Daimyo leaders expanding

Oda Nobunga begins unification and Toyotomi Hideyoshi continues it

Military sponsored families to central governing

Ottoman Empire

Turkey (1300-1918)

Gunpowder empire

Mehmed II takes Constantinople

Suleiman I takes some of Hungary and almost Austria

Devshirme system, blood tax on Christian boys

Sunni Islam

Mostly tolerant

Safavid Empire

Persia (1501-1760)

No navy or natural defense

Shah Abbas I tries to expand more into Persia

Shia Islam

No tolerance

Mughal Empire

India (1520s-1800s)

Babur created empire

Akbar creates golden age

Aurangzeb tries to expand to south India, weakens empire

Tolerance under Akbar, less under others

Tributary Systems

Aztecs, China, and Songhai Empire

Germany

Peace of Augsburg in 1555 allows states to chose Catholic or Lutheran leader

30 Years War

Catholics and Protestants

Caused mass famine and devestation