Population – Migration & Dispersion U2

Flashcards about Population, Migration, and Dispersion

Population Pyramid(age distribution)

Two back-to-back bar graphs showing the number of males and females in a population in five-year age groups.

Carry Capacity

The population level that can be supported, given the available resources like food, habitat, and water.

Cohort

Population of various age categories in an age-sex population pyramids which can indicate a country's stage in the demographic transition model.

Demographic Equation

Formula that calculates population change: births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration.

Demographic Momentum

The tendency for a growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline due to a young age distribution.

Demographic Regions

Different regions in different stages of demographic transition, such as Cape Verde (Stage 2), Chile (Stage 3), and Denmark (Stage 4).

Demographic Transition Model

A model with 5 steps (Stages 1-4, plus possible Stage 5) showing how countries transition from less to more developed.

Dependency Ratio

The number of people too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years.

Diffusion of Fertility Control

The spread of fertility control practices throughout the world, influencing population growth rates in different regions.

Disease Diffusion

Spread of disease through contagious (density of people) or hierarchical (urban to rural) patterns.

Doubling Time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Ecumene

The proportion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Epidemiological Transition Model

A model describing the distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births.

J-Curve

Projection of population showing exponential growth, resembling a 'J' shape.

Maladaption

An adaptation that has become less helpful and more harmful over time.

Thomas Malthus

Argued that the world's population increase was outpacing the development of food production.

Mortality

Measurement of deaths in a population, often using infant mortality rate and life expectancy as indicators.

Natality (Crude Birth Rate)

The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area, expressed per 1,000 people.

Neo-Malthusian

Theory building on Malthus' ideas, considering population growth in LDCs and resource depletion beyond just food.

Overpopulation

When the number of people exceeds the environment's capacity to support them at an acceptable standard of living.

Arithmetic Density

Total number of objects in an area; used to compare population distribution in different countries.

Physiological Density

Number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture, indicating potential food production challenges.

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit of area of farmland, reflecting agricultural efficiency.

Population Distributions

Arrangement of a feature in space, characterized by density, concentration, and pattern.

Population Explosion

Sudden increase in population, often linked to countries entering Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model.

Population Projection

Predicts the future population of an area or the world.

Population Pyramid

Population displayed by age and gender on a bar graph.

Rate of Natural Increase

The percentage by which a population grows in a year (CBR-CDR = NIR, excluding migration).

S-Curve

Traces cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph, relating to growth and decline in natural increase.

Sex Ratio

The number of males per hundred females in the population.

Standard of Living

The quality and quantity of goods and services available to people within a population.

Sustainability

Providing the best outcomes for human and natural environments, both present and future.

Underpopulation

Sharp drop or decrease in a region’s population, potentially impacting the local economic system.

Zero Population Growth

When the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero.

Activity Space

Space allotted for a certain industry or activity.

Chain Migration

When one family member migrates to a new country and the rest of the family follows shortly after.

Cyclic Movement

Trends in migration and other processes that have a clear cycle.

Distance Decay

When contact between two groups diminishes because of the distance between them.

Forced Migration

People removed from their countries and forced to live in other countries because of war, natural disaster, and government.

Gravity Model

Predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a particular country.

Intervening Opportunity

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration.

Intercontinental Migration

Permanent movement from one country to a different country on the same continent.

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of the country to another.

Rural-Urban Migration

Permanent movement from suburbs and rural area to the urban city area.

periodic movement

that involves temporary, repeated relocation between locations, often for seasonal work or migration.

Migratory Movement

A kind of periodic movement.

Personal Space

The surrounding area an individual claims as their own.

Place Utility

Measure of an individuals perceived attractiveness of a particular location.

Push-Pull Factors

Factors that induce people to leave old residence and move to new locations.

Space-Time Prism

The volume of space and length of time within which our activities are confined by constraints of our bodily needs and the means of mobility at our command.

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages.

Transhumance

Seasonal migration of live stock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.

Transmigration

A kind of voluntary movement.

Voluntary Migration

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move.

Gendered space

A space that is socially constructed to reflect gender roles and expectations, influencing experiences based on gender identity.