Toxins/disease types

F4 - swine

F4 - swine

ETEC

F18 - weaning in swine

ETEC

F5,F41 - calves, swine, lambs

ETEC

Enterotoxin - fluid loss without inflammation

ETEC

LEE - mediates attachment to epithelial cells

eae (intimin gene for attachment)

STEC, EPEC

Stx toxins - cytotoxins, prevent protein synthesis and induce apoptosis

STEC

Hemolysin - releases iron

STEC, ExPEC, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Acid resistance

STEC, Helicobacter pylori

Siderophores - acquire iron

ExPEC, Salmonella enterica subsp enterica

spv genes - enhance invasiveness

Salmonella enterica subsp enterica

T3SS - type 3 secretion system, attachment onto host cell

Salmonella enterica subsp enterica, Yersenia enterocolitica, Yersenia paratuberculosis

adhesin - adhere to cell wall

Lawsonia intracellularis

polysaccharide capsule - avoid phagocytosis

Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens

Fibronectin binding proteins - adherence to matrix

Clostridium perfringens

Type A - hemorrhagic enteritis in horse, alpha toxin

Clostridium perfringens

Type C - beta toxin is permitted by trypsin inhibition proteins in colostrum, contributes to “struck” disease in sheep

Clostridium perfringens

Type D - episilon toxin is activated by intestinal proteases, accelerates autolysis, causes pulpy kidney lesions

Clostridium perfringens

Type E - hemorrhagic enteritis in lambs, calves, rabbits

Clostridium perfringens

TcdA (enterotoxin), tight junctions and perturbs cytoskeletal function

Clostridium difficile

TcdB (cytolysin) more cytotoxic but less enterotoxic

Clostridium difficile

beta toxin - produces hemolysis, hemoglobinuria results

Clostridium haemolyticum

TeNT neurotoxin

Clostridium tetani

BoNT

Clostridium botulinum

YOPS - evade phagocytosis

Yersenia enterocolitica, paratuberculosis