Paper 3 terms

last one let's goooooooooooooooooo

Debate

Interactionalist approach

Issue

Nature

Nurture

Diathesis stress model

Epigenetics

Heritability coefficient

(0 - environmental, 1 - innate)

Locke’s ‘tabula rasa’ ‘blank slate’

Genotype as blueprint

Quality of upbringing is key

Epigenetics

Learnt behaviour

Innate behaviour

Nativist theory

Descartes

Lerner’s levels of environment (pre-natal, versus upbringing)

Free will

Determinism

Causal conclusions

Scientific method

Hard determinism

Biological approach

Soft determinism

Social learning theory

Free will

Humanistic approach

Reductionsim

Holism

Levels of explanation

Physiological

Psychological

cognitive and behavioural - internal processes and conditioning

Cultural & social

Parsimony

entails identifying the simplest and most accurate explanation for brain processes and human behaviour

Environmental reductionism

Machine reductionism

Psychoreductionism

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Gestalt

“whole is more than the sum of it’s parts”

Constituent parts

Nomothetic

Ideographic

Meta-analysis

Experiment

Case study

Sample size

Unique to individual

Freud

Little Hans

Kroonenburg & Van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural study

Ethical implications

Ethical issue

Social sensitivity

Social policy

Misuse of findings

Sensationalism

Stigmatising

Marginalised minorities

BPS

Cost-benefit analysis

Bias

MMR vaccine & autism

Socio-economic repercussions

Gender bias

Alpha bias

Beta bias

Androcentric

Gynocentric

Universality

Representativeness

Feminist psychology

Gender complexity (approx. 81 classified)

Cultural bias

Ethnocentric

Evaluating another’s culture against one’s native criteria as a baseline

Etic approach

Focusing on universal, external behaviours, without application to one culture

Emic approach

Focusing on cultural specificity within one culture

Imposed etic

Generalising results from an etic study incorrectly across cultures

Cultural relativism

Idea that all personal beliefs and practises should be understood in context of native culture

Food preference

Evolutionary explanation

Sugary foods

Fatty foods

Salty foods

Survival of fittest, natural selection

Fast-acting energy

Fructose

Essential for cell function

Breast milk

Gillian Harris’ salty study

Slow-acting energy

Palatability

Double calories to carbs

Steiner’s sugary (and bitter) study

Neophobia

Adaptive

Taste aversion

Seligman’s biological preparedness

Role of learning

Classical conditioning

Flavour-flavour learning (sugar on cornflakes)