Medical Terms + Assessments

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Alopecia

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219 Terms

1

Alopecia

Hair loss

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2

Cyanosis

Blueness or purpleness of skin

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3

Erythema

Redness or pinkness of skin

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4

Jaundice

Yellow skin coloring

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5

Lesion

Broad term referring to a region of the skin that has damage from injury or disease

ex. acne, birthmarks, wounds, sunburn, insect bites

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6

Pallor

Paleness of skin

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7

Pruritus

Itching

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8

Edema

Swelling

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9

Turgor

The skin's elasticity.

It is the ability of skin to change shape and return to normal

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10

Exudate

Discharge

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11

Macules

Freckles

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12

Lanugo

Fine body hair

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13

Vernix caseosa

white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy

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14

Velus hair

fine, present all over body

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15

Terminal hair

Thicker hair on head, axilla, genital, and facial regions

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16

PERRLA (acronym)

-Pupils equal + Round

-React to Light and Accomodation (direct constriction in one eye) (open pupil when looking away from light, close when looking close)

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17

How should you check skin temperature?

With the back of your hand

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18

Capillary refill

assessing the blood flow through peripheral tissues

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19

Respiratory retractions

When the area between the ribs and in the neck sinks in when a person with asthma attempts to inhale.

Retractions are a sign someone is working hard to breathe.

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20

Adventitious

Coming from an external source or occurring in an unusual place or manner (abnormal)

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21

Palpate

Examine by touch

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22

Auscultate

Examine by listening

(ex. using a stethoscope to listen to the heart, lungs, and bowels)

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23

Venous pattern

The pattern of blood vessels (arteries and veins), usually referring to the blue vessels located directly under the skin

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24

Integrity

The quality / health of the skin

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25

Objective data

Measurable data collected by the nurse

ex. vital signs

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26

Subjective data

From the client, based on their experiences and perceptions. Includes feelings, sensations, or expectations.

ex. pain

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27

OPQRSTU

O- Onset

P- Provocative, Palliative

Q- Quality

R- Region

S- Severity

T- Timing

U- (Pt’s) Understanding

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28

What are the 4 aspects of general survey?

  • Physcial appearance

  • Body structure

  • Mobility

  • Behaviour

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29

Gait

Walk

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30

What is the expected range for temperature?

35.8 - 37.3 °C

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31

What is the expected range for heart rate for adults?

60 - 100 bpm

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32

Bradycardia

< 60 bpm

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33

Tachycardia

over 100 bpm, fast heart rate

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34

What are the 4 levels of pulse force?

3+ = full, bounding

2+ = normal

1+ = weak, thready

0 = absent

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35

What side of the wrist is the radial pulse?

thumb side

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36

What is the expected respiratory rate for adults?

10 - 20 breaths/min

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37

Systolic pressure

Maximum pressure felt on the arteries when the heart contracts

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38

Diastolic pressure

Resting pressure in the blood vessels between contractions

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39

What is the expected blood pressure in adults?

120/80

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40

What is the expected finding for oxygen saturation?

< 95%

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41

Whisper test

Standing arms length behind the person, test one ear at a time while masking the hearing in the other ear by palpating the tragus. Say a 2 syllable word.

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42

What should the tips of the ears align with?

The corners of the eyes

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43

What is the expected finding for the anteroposterior-transverse ratio?

1:2

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44

Where is the apical pulse?

At the apex (bottom) of the heart, at the 5th intercostal space (between ribs 4 and 5)

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45

What is the expected finding for bowel sounds?

5-30 sounds per minute

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46

Why do you begin in the RLQ when auscultating bowel sounds?

We start in the RLQ because that is where the large intestine begins, so the bowel sounds are most prominently heard

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47

Dorsiflexion against resistance

point toes to nose

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48

Plantar flexion against resistance

Gas pedal

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49

How do you test sensory function?

light and sharp touch across face, arms, hands, legs, and feet

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50

How do you test fine motor function?

Finger to thumb, rapid, alternating movements

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51

How do you test cerebellar function?

move each heel down alternate shin

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52

How do you assess a nevus / mole?

A- Asymmetry (one half is unlike the other)

B- Border (blurry or jagged edges)

C- Colour (more than one shade)

D- Diameter (greater than 6mm)

E- Evolution (growth)

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53

What is the 4-point scale for edema?

1+ = mild pitting: slight indent felt but not visible.

2+ = moderate: indentation visable, subsides rapidly.

3+ = deep pitting: indent remains a short time.

4+ = very deep pitting: indentation lasts a long time ; swelling distorts limb / area.

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54

What angle indicates nail clubbing?

180°

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55

Strabismus

abnormal eye alignment (crossed eyes, lazy eye)

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56

Diplopia

double vision

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57

Glaucoma

group of diseases that effect the eye nerves, increased pressure within the eyeball damages the optic nerve causing loss of sight peripherally

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58

Diabetic retinopathy

disease of the retina causing vision impairment or loss

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59

Presbyopia

farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye (common after age 40)

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60

Cataracts

cloudy vision

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61

Macular degeneration

Aging causes damage to the macula which blurs central vision.

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62

Snellen chart

measures visual acuity

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63

Jaeger chart

measures near vision

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64

Nystagmus

rapid involuntary movements of the eye

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65

Ptosis

eyelid drooping

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66

Palpebral fissures

eyelids

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67

Cerumen

Earwax

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68

Otalgia

Ear pain

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69

Otorrhea

Ear discharge

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70

Presbycusis

Age-related hearing loss

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71

Tinnitus

Ringing / buzzing in the ears

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72

Subjective vertigo

Feeling like you are spinning

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73

Objective vertigo

Feeling like the room is spinning around you

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74

Myopia

Nearsightedness

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75

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing

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76

Epistaxis

Nosebleeds

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77

Halitosis

Bad breath

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78

Olfaction

Smell

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79

Pharyngitis

Sore throat

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80

Melasma

“mask of pregnancy”, hyperpigmentation from hormones

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81

What is conductive hearing loss

Hearing loss caused by something that stops sounds from getting through the outer or middle ear.

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82

What is sensorineural hearing loss

Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear

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83

What is mixed hearing loss

A combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss

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84

Where is Stenson’s duct located?

Bump on the side of the inside of the cheek

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85

Where is Wharton’s duct located?

Under tongue, lateral to frenulum

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86

What is nasal patency?

a measure of how open the nose is

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87

Rhinorrhea

Runny nose

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88

Anorexia

Loss of appetite

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89

Ascites

Buildup of fluid in abdomen

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90

Borborygmus

a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines

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91

Bruit

  • an audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow

  • can be created by a blockage or plaque in blood vessels

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92

Emesis

Vomiting

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93

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

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94

Hernia

occurs when part of your organs bulges through an opening or weakness in the muscle or tissue barrier that contains it

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95

Melena

Black stool (from blood)

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96

Pyrosis

Heartburn

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97

Tympany

A hollow drum-like sound that is produced when a gas-containing cavity is tapped sharply

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98

Hyperemesis

Nausea and vomiting

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99

Nociceptive pain

Caused by tissue injury

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100

Somatic pain

Sharp, localized, injury to muscle, skin, or bones

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