Unit One - CAC

How do you define a community?

specific population with specific characteristics living within a defined area

What are the dimensions of a community?

People (population, community, demographics)

Place (geopolitical, time)

Function (goals, aims, activities)

What are the key elements and steps in an assessment?

Gathering knowledge about the community to identify needs, strengths, resources, problems

Organize/plan, engage, develop goals, conduct assessment, prioritize issues, develop improvement plan (ND), implement and monitor plan, evaluate process and outcomes

What are examples of the different types of data collected?

Primary - personal interviews, observation, stakeholder input, town hall meetings, focus groups, photovoice, spatial data

Secondary - existing research, prior interviews, census data. ANY DATA YOU DIDN”T GET YOURSELF!

What are the strengths and limitations of data sources?

How do you prioritize or justify which community need to address?

the community’s priority is YOUR priority!

• community awareness, motivation

• nurse’s ability to influence

• severity of outcome if problem is unresolved

Coalition - what is it and what is its advantage?

Active partnership - shared leadership and decision making

Healthy People

publication every 10 years that envisions the future for healthy communities and lists specific objectives

What’s one of the most important things you have to do for a community assessment?

VISIT the community… you will always have some primary data

Utilitarianism and example

greatest good for the greatest number

ex) water quality at a city plant

Distributive Justice

fair and equitable distribution

Social Justice

consideration of vulnerable populations in distribution of resources

Why is social justice important?

by identifying the vulnerable, at risk populations and improving their health, you improve the health of the entire community

How does program management follow the nursing process?

program management = planning, implementation, and evaluation

it begins with the assessment of a community and identification of their needs

What are the three types of programs?

1. Population focused (public health dept.)

2. Group of community focused

3. Projects

Examples of population focused programs?

home health, immunizations, screenings, family planning

Examples of group/community programs?

school health, occupational health and safety, environmental health, community programs for specific illnesses (AHA, ACS, Miles Perret)

What is a project?

smaller, organized activity with a limited time frame

CAC is a project

What are the different steps to designing a program?

1. Describe the problem

2. Formulate the plan

3. Conceptualize the problem

4. Detail the plan

5. Evaluate the plan

6. Implement the plan

What is the role objectives play in creating a program?

These are your specific measurable outcomes that guide planning and evaluation. Can’t develop program without them

Questions to ask to ensure progam success

1. Do we have a solution to the issue?

2. Can people use the solution?

3. Do they want the solution?

What is the role of quality improvement?

doing the right thing for the right client and having the best possible results

How does evaluation relate to QI and program success?

Use of goals and objectives to evaluate end results shows gaps and areas that can be improved

What are examples of evaluation methods?

clients (written surveys, attitude scales (satisfaction), interviews, observations)

program records

indexes and data

CHA/CHIP

Community Assessment - Community Health Improvement Plans

QI on PH side

TQM

Total Quality Management

How do we address concerns AND build our strengths?

PDSA

Plan, Do, Study, Act

P: how we improve

D: implement

S: evaluate results. outcome?

A: next steps? what can we change to improve?

CQI

Continuous Quality Improvement

• effectiveness

• timeliness

• client-centered

• equity

• safety

• efficiency