Early Christian Architecture

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General Influences, Architectural Character, Parts of a Basilican Church, Examples; Baptisteries, Tombs, Basilican Churches. based from handout produced by Ar. Vicente Sanchez in preparation for S.Y. 2023-24. University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture.

Architecture

49 Terms

1

Judaea

An eastern province of the Roman Empire where Christianity is born

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2

St Peter, St Paul and other missionaries

who carried Christianity to Rome

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3

Roman Art

Early Christian Architecture was influenced by existing __________

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4

Basilican Churches

 the ruins of Roman buildings often provided the quarry to build ___


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5

small

Modification of styles depended on climatic conditions where hotter climates necessitated _____ windows


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6

Byzantium

Constantine changed the capital of the Empire from Rome to ________.

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7

Constantine

who was a lifelong pagan who was baptized against his will on his deathbed, is generally understood as the first Christian emperor of the Roman world.

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8

Basilica

The _______  is a part of an ancient Roman forum on which Early Christian church designs were based.

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9

Early Christian Basilica

was a place for Christian worship and erected over the burial place of a saint.

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10

clerestory

The high nave wall is called the ________ and pierced with windows to admit light. Windows and arcades are spanned by semi-circular arches. 

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11

rubble; concrete; plaster; brick; stone

Walls: Walls are _____ or ________ faced with _____, _____ or _____. 

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12

king and queen post trusses

Roof: The structure system of church timber roofs employed the simple _____________________.

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13

Columns; Capitals

Columns: ________ and _________ from Old Roman Buildings were used in this Architectural Style.

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14

Basilican

Columns: _________ churches are impressive and dignified by the long perspective of columns.

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15

Purely for decoration

Colorful mosaic gave richness to the interior. They were used ______________ rather than as a pictorial explanation

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16

Atrium

Parts: open forecourt surrounded by arcades

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17

Narthex

Parts: located between the atrium and the church, was used by penitents.

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18

Nave

Parts: seating area for the worshippers.

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19

Aisles

Parts: located on both sides of the nave.

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20

Cancelli or Chancel

Parts: low screen wall enclosing the choir.

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21

Ambo or Pulpit

Parts: place where the priest reads the gospel and delivers the homily.

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22

Transept

Parts: side projections of the church.

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23

Bema

Parts: raised platform on the altar

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24

Altar

Parts: place where the priest officiates the mass.

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25

Baldachino

Parts: erected on columns over the altar.

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26

Apse

Parts: is a circular termination of the church.

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27

Arch of Triumph

Parts: located above the altar and before the apse, glorifying the Kingdom of God in a beautiful mosaic.

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28

Rome

Constantine changed the capital of the Empire from ____ to Byzantium.

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29

semi-circular arches

The high nave walls, the clerestory are pierced with windows to admit light. Windows and arcades are spanned by __________________. 

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30

Baptistries

These are separate buildings from the church used only for the sacrament of baptism during Easter, Pentecost, & Epiphany.

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31

Easter; Pentecost; Epiphany

the sacrament of baptism is during ______, _________, & ________.

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32

Monumental Tombs

Christian’s objection to cremation led to the building of _______________, which expressed faith in immortality and memorial to the dead.

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33

Catacombs

are networks of subterranean chambers for burial purposes of the early Christians

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34

Catacumbas

The word catacomb was probably derived from the Latin ad ___________, meaning “at the hollows”

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35

Loculi

The Christians were not allowed to bury their dead within the city walls, so they buried them in underground cemeteries. These tombs have recesses for corpses called ______. While the pagans cremated their dead, Christians were forbidden to practice their religion.

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36

Aedicule

a small shrine intended to frame, shelter and honor a holy object.

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37

Pope Marcellinus and Pope Marcellus I

Who are the two popes buried in the Queen of the Catacombs, Catacombs of Priscilla.

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38

Circus of Nero

The site where martyrdom of Christians took place, including St Peter.

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39

St Helen

Constantine’s Mother

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40

Peter of Illyria

Who founded Sta. Sabina, Rome

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41

Santa Sabina

The mother church of the order of preachers (Dominican Order)

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42

 Pope Simplicius

who built Santo Stefano Rotondo

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43

Golgotha and Calvary

Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem was built by Constantine on a site that encompasses both _________ and ________.

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44

Santa Sabina

The mother church of the order of preachers (Dominican Order)

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45

Santo Stefano houses

a series of 33 frescoes depicting gruesome and graphic persecution and martyrdom of Christians.

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46

St. Paul

The basilican church; St. Paolo Fuori Le Mura, Rome was built over the grave of who?

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47

St. Lawrence

The basilican church; St. Lorenzo Fuori Le Mura, Rome was built over the grave of who?

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48

Sta. Maria Assunta

The basilican church; Torcello Cathedral, Venice was dedicated to who?

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49

at the hallows

meaning of the latin word Catacumbas

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