BIOS 546 - Unit 3

Body of ilium

Body of ilium

Levator ani origin

body of pubis & ischial spine of the hip bone

Coccygeus origin

Ischial spine of the hip bone

Anterior gluteal line

Origin: gluteus medius (external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

Posterior gluteal line

Origin: gluteus maximus (posterior to posterior gluteal line)

Inferior gluteal line

Origin: gluteus minimus (external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

Iliac crest

Origin: TFL (tensor fasciae latae partial origin)

Tubercle of iliac crest

Internal lip of iliac crest

Iliac fossa

Origin: Iliacus

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Origin: sartorius & TFL (partial origin) & inguinal ligament

AIIS

Origin: rectus femoris & iliofemoral ligament

PSIS

PIIS

Iliac tuberosity

Auricular surface of ilium

Obturator foramen

Origin: obturator externus (margins of foramen and obturator membrane) & obturator internus (pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones)

Body of pubis

Origin: levator ani (partial), adductor brevis & longus (partial & inferior to pubic crest), & gracilis (partial)

Symphysial surface of pubis

Pubic crest

Pubic tubercle

Superior ramus of pubis

Origin: pectineus

Pecten pubis / pectineal line of pubis

Inferior ramus of pubis

Origin: adductor brevis & magnus (partial & adductor part/partial), gracilis (partial)

Acetabelum

Articular (lunate) surface of acetabulum

Acetabular fossa of acetabulum

Acetabular notch of acetabulum

Body of ischium

Ischial tuberosity

Origin:

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head), adductor magnus (hamstrings part;partial)

Inferior gemellus

Quadratus femoris

Ramus of ischium

Origin: adductor magnus (adductor part;partial)

Greater sciatic notch

Origin: piriformis (superior margin of GSN; partial)

Ischial spine

Origin: levator ani (partial), coccygeus, superior gemellus

Head of femur

Fovea capitis (attachment site of ligament of the head of the femur)

Trochanteric fossa

Insertion: obturator externus/internus, superior/inferior gemellus

Neck of femur

Greater trochanter of femur

Origin: vastus lateralis (partial/VLO)

Insertion: gluteus medius (lateral surface) gluteus minimus (anterior surface) piriformis (superior surface)

Quadrate tubercle of the femur

Insertion: quadratus femoris

Intertrochanteric crest

Gluteal tuberosity

Insertion: gluteus maximus (25% of fibers) & adductor magnus (adductor part/partial)

Intertrochanteric line

Origin: vastus medialis (partial)

Lesser trochanter of the femur

Insertion: iliopsoas (psoas major/illiacus)

Pectineus line of the femur

Insertion: pectineus, psoas minor, & adductor brevis

Spiral line of the femur

Origin: vastus medialis

Medial lip of linea aspera

Origin: vastus medialis (partial)

Insertion: adductor longus (middle third of linea aspera of femur) & magnus (adductor part;partial)

Lateral lip of linea aspera

Origin: vastus lateralis (partial) & biceps femoris (short head;partial)

Shaft of femur

Origin: vastus intermedius (anterior/lateral surfaces of shaft)

Popliteal surface of femur

Origin: gastrocnemius (medial head; popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle)

Medial supracondylar line

Insertion: adductor magnus (adductor part;partial)

Lateral supracondylar line

Origin: biceps femoris (short head;partial) & plantaris (inferior end of lateral supracondylar line)

Medial epicondyle of femur

Adductor tubercle of femur

Insertion: adductor magnus (hamstrings part)

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Patellar surface of femur

Medial condyle of femur

Lateral condyle of femur

Origin: gastrocnemius (lateral head;lateral aspect of condyle) & popliteus (lateral surface of condyle)

Intercondylar fossa of femur

Patellar apex

Patellar base

Insertion: quadriceps femoris via quadriceps tendon

Patellar articular surface

Lateral condyle of tibia

Medial condyle of tibia

Insertion: semimembranosus (posterior part)

Intercondylar eminence (tibia)

Tibial tuberosity

Insertion: quadriceps femoris via patellar ligament

Gerdy’s tubercle (tubercle of iliotibial tract)

Insertion: gluteus maximus via iliotibial (IT) band (anterolateral tibial tubercle); about 75% of fibers

Shaft of tibia

Insertion: sartorius (superior part; pes anserinus), gracilis (superior part; pes anserinus), & semitendinosus (superior part; pes anserinus)

Soleal line of tibia

Origin: soleus (partial)

Insertion: popliteus (posterior surface of tibia, superior to line)

Medial malleolus of tibia

Articular surface of tibia

Fibular notch of tibia

Neck of the fibula

Shaft of the fibula

Head of the fibula

Origin: soleus (posterior of head & superior quarter of posterior of fibula;partial)

Insertion: biceps femoris (short & long heads; lateral side of head of fibula)

Lateral malleolus of fibula

Calcaneus

Insertion: gastrocnemius (both heads), soleus, and plantaris (posterior surface via tendocalcaneus (Achilles's tendon))

Plantar aspect of the foot:

Base of 1st metatarsal and cuneiform:

Insertion: fibularis longus

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

Insertion: tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Middle & distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Insertion: tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Dorsal aspect of foot:

Base of 5th metatarsal:

• Insertion: fibularis tertius & brevis

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

• Insertion: tendon of extensor hallucis longus

Middle & distal phalanges of digits 2-5

• Insertion: tendons of extensor digitorum longus

Pes anserinus

“Goose foot” (Pes = foot, Anserinus = goose)

• Tendon of Sartorius (Inn. by femoral)

• Tendon of Gracilis (Inn. by obturator)

• Tendon of Semitendinosus (Inn. by tibial)

Anterior & Medial thigh region origins & insertion

Iliacus

Origin: Iliac fossa and iliac crest

Insertion: Lesser trochanter (inserts on psoas major) = iliopsoas

Action: powerful flexor of hip

Obturator externus

Deep to pectineus

Origin: margins of foramen and obturator membrane

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur

Sartorius

Longest muscle in the body

Origin: ASIS of the hip bone

Insertion: Superior part of the medial surface of
the tibia; pes anserinus

Action:

• Flexor of thigh & leg

• ER of thigh

• IR of leg

Rectus femoris

Crosses the hip (only one to do that in the quadriceps muscles)

Origin: AIIS of the hip bone

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps femoris ligament & patellar ligament

Action: flexion of hip and knee extension since it crosses the hip

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Greater trochanter & lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps femoris tendon

Action: extension of knee

Vastus medialis

Origin: Intertrochanteric line & medial lip of linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps femoris tendon

Action: extension of knee

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur

Insertion: deep patella via quadriceps femoris tendon

Action: extension of knee

Quadriceps locomotion

Rectus femoris: flexion of the hip to clear foot

Vastus muscles: extension of the knee (prevent knee flexion during locomotion)

• Lateralis

• Medialis

• Intermedialis

Patellar tendon

Patellar tendon is a ligament since it connects bone to bone

Quadriceps tendon

Adductor longus

Origin: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

Insertion: middle third of the linea aspera of femur

Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

Adductor brevis

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: medial lip of linea aspera of the femur

Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

Adductor magnus

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, & ischial tuberosity

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity, medial lip of the linea aspera, adductor tubercle of the femur

Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4) & tibial nerve (hamstring portion)

Gracilis

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: superior part of the medial surface of tibia; pes anserinus

Innervation: anterior branch of obturator nerve

Action: medial rotation the tibia, flexes the knee, adducts the thigh

Iliopsoas (psoas major and illiacus)

Origin:

Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Quadratus femoris

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: quadrate tubercle

Action: lateral rotation of the thigh

Inn: nerve to quadratus femoris

Pectineus

Origin: superior ramus of the pubis

Insertion: pectineus line of the femur

Psoas minor

Origin: T12-L1 lateral bodies of vertebra

Insertion: pectineal line of the femur

Gluteal region origin & insertions