Toddlers use others emotional reactions and messages to
________evaluate the safety of surroundings, to guide actions, and to gather information.
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Separation
________: the infants movement away from the mother.
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Eriksons trust versus mistrust stage:
________ trust versus mistrust stage: infants learn trust when they are cared for consistently and develop a sense of mistrust when not fed and kept warm on a consistent basis.
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Reciprocity
________: at 2- 3 months, babies match the feeling tone of the caregiver.
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Social referencing
________ (8- 10 months): actively seek emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.
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Personality
________: the enduring characteristics of individuals, of which emotions and temperament are key aspects.
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Autonomy builds with
________mental and motor abilities, and infants feel pride in their new accomplishments.
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When caregivers are impatient and do for toddlers what they are capable of doing for themselves,
shame and doubt develop.
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Central to personality development is
trust and the development of self and independence.
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Infants prefer
helpers over non-helpers
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2-3 months old react to
others’ emotional expression
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Infants at 1, 3, 6, 9 months of age all found to
respond to infant cries with cries of their own or facial expressions of distress
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By 18 – 24 months, offer
comfort at the distress of others
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By 15 months of age,
showed expectations of ‘fairness’
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The Still Face experiment was conducted by
Edward Tronick in 1975
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In the Still Face experiment, infants demonstrated
some understanding of emotion, power of connections
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In the Still Face experiment, infants have a clear reaction to
a lack of emotional connection from their caregivers.
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Even very young babies have demonstrated that
they can respond to emotions of the adults who care for them.
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At 4-5 months,
babies gradually discriminate a wider range of emotions
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**Social referencing (8-10 months)**:
actively seek emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation
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Roots of what can be seen early on?
empathy
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autonomy builds with
mental and motor abilities, and infants feel pride in their new accomplishments
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when caregivers are impatient and do for toddlers what they are capable of doing for themselves,
Studied by 2 people
Note 
Flashcard (29)