IT203 Final Exam

A company is looking for a person with a business degree and strong finance and leadership experience. What position is a company likely looking for if they require a business degree and strong finance and leadership experience?

C. A general manager

What is the observation that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles every one to two years known as?

D. Moore's law

What is the process of encoding an analog signal into bits called?

C. Digitization

What does the following definition refer to: 'a knowledge worker in charge of an entire organization or business unit'?

C. General manager

Which of the following definitions describes the term 'digital'?

A. The discrete representation of signals and data

Which of the following increased in recent years?

D. Processing power of microprocessors

Which of the following is an example of digitization?

Scanning your driver's license to email it to your parents.

Which of the following is NOT a DIRECT consequence of Moore's law?

A. Computers becoming easier to use

What trend is due to Moore's law?

B. The number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles every one or two years.

What is the Digital Economy?

A. An economy that functions primarily through digital technology, especially electronic transactions made using the Internet.

What is Digital Money?

B. Money represented and held in a digital form which can be transferred electronically from one party to another.

What does the Digital Divide refer to?

C. The gulf between those who have ready access to current digital technology and those who do not.

What is the Digital Footprint?

D. A trace or the traces of a person's online activity which can be recovered by electronic means.

What is Digital Transformation?

B. The application and exploitation of digital technology to radically rethink organizational business

and operational models.

Digital Innovation is:

D. The application of digital technologies by existing organization to create new and improved

products, processes or services.

Digital Entrepreneurship is:

C. The creation of new economic activities embodied in or enabled by digital technologies.

Which of the following is NOT true about Moore's law?

D. Moore's Law indicates that quantum computing will further increase integrated circuit performance.

Selecting, designing, and managing information systems and digital technology resources is EXCLUSIVELY the job of technology professionals. True or false?

False.

General and functional managers in organizations are never end users. True or false?

False.

Your gym access gates used an iris scan to allow customers to access the facility. It recently switched to using 3D depth digital maps of customers, like modern iPhones. What level of organizational change is this?

First-order change.

Following the news of a recent cyber-attack, your company has introduced new software and procedures for accessing customer data. Following the announcement, a training campaign has started. Which level of organizational change do you believe was produced?

Second-order change.

In the context of airport operations, which of the following is an example of the process element of a modern information system?

Airline check-in procedures.

In the context of airport operations, which of the following is an example of the technology element of a modern information system?

Check-in kiosks that print boarding passes.

Organization design and reporting relationships within an information system are examples of which component?

Structure.

The external environment has no impact on the design of an IS. True/False?

False.

The organizational change which heavily involve the people, process, and technology components of the information systems is called:

Second-order change.

Why do modern organizations build IT-enabled Information Systems?

To increase efficiency and effectiveness.

We have defined Information Systems as sociotechnical systems made up of four components. Such components are:

Information technology, process, structure, people

What is a 'business process'?

The series of steps necessary to complete a business activity

A new digital technology is introduced in an existing information system. What happens when this generates a first-order change?

The IT modifies how an existing process is performed

A new digital technology is introduced in an existing information system. What happens when this generates a second-order change?

The IT modifies how an existing process is performed by affecting the individuals who perform it

When defining an information system, what does 'sociotechnical' mean?

That an IS has two subsystems, a social and technical one

Which of the following is a level of organizational change that can be generated by the introduction of new digital technology?

Informate

Which of the following statements is true?

C. IT is a component of the modern IS

You are a business consultant troubleshooting a failed information system. You discover that employees were not trained after the system implementation. Which component is causing the failure?

People

You are a business consultant troubleshooting a failed information system. You discover that employees face negative incentives to using the system. Which component is causing the failure?

Structure

First-Order change requires little executive sponsorship and involvement and is focused on modifying how an existing process is performed. True/False?

True

As Second-Order change is referred to as transform. Not only the manner in which the process is performed changes but also those individuals who perform it will differ - either their role changes or a new set of people are involved. True/False?

True

Information Systems are subject to systemic effects because the different components of a system are dependent of each other. True/False?

True

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of Information Systems?

The collection of beliefs, expectations and values shared by the members of an organization

Does Second-Order change involve a transformation of both the process and the individuals involved?

True.

Are Information Systems subject to systemic effects due to interdependence of components?

True.

Which of the following is NOT a component of Information Systems?

The collection of beliefs, expectations, and values shared by the members of an organization.

Dropbox is a cloud file hosting service providing storage and file synchronization. Dropbox is an example of?

Software as a Service (SaaS).

In a recent brief, the CIO announced the decision to adopt a new ERP system to take advantage of the fact that ERPs enforce data integration. What does that mean?

That an ERP relies on one logical database at the core

Strictly speaking, a server is:

A hardware component in the server room

In the client-server model:

Two or more machines share the load of executing the instructions in a software application

What does the term 'business analytics' mean?

B. The examination of business data in an effort to reveal useful insight for better decision making

What is the focus of 'descriptive analytics'?

To better understand what has occurred

What is the focus of 'predictive analytics'?

To better understand what will occur

Which among these trends was the catalyst for the current attention to analytics?

Analytics becoming more important

What type of information system would automate recurring activities and structure day-to-day operations, such as accounts payable?

Transaction processing systems

Which are the three layers of software applications?

Data management, application, presentation

Which kind of analytics are typically present in reports and visualizations through executive dashboards, OLAP tools, or scorecards?

Descriptive analytics.

Which kind of analytics consists of optimization algorithms seeking to identify targets to guide decisions or monitor current operations?

Prescriptive analytics.

Which kind of analytics make the most significant use of statistical modeling and machine learning algorithms?

Predictive analytics.

What differentiates the three approaches to cloud computing: IaaS, PaaS and SaaS?

The number of computing services the customer or the provider must manage

Which of the following is an example of predictive analytics?

The election result projections using exit polls data

Which of the following is an example of prescriptive analytics?

The new price you, as a pricing analyst, recommend to your boss

A store manager in a supermarket uses an information system for inventory monitoring and

planning. What type of system is being used?

Executive Dashboard

YouTube's statistics showed that in 2020, its two billion users uploaded a total of 500 hours of video

footage per minute. What component of the big data definition does this refer to?

Velocity

The value of a network is proportional to the number of connected nodes. True/False?

True

The virtualizability of a process depends on four requirements:

sensory, relationship, synchronism, identification and control requirements

Three capabilities of IT affect the virtualizability of physical processes. Which ones?

representation, reach, monitoring and identification

Tippy markets are characterized by the presence of a self-reinforcing mechanism by which the

strong gets stronger and the weak gets weaker. What is it called?

Positive feedback

Many journalists suggest that virtual reality is poised to transform personal entertainment and

human activities. Which requirement would mostly limit the feasibility of virtual wine tasting?

Sensory requirements

What are we referring to with the following definition: an evolving socio-technical system that

expose resources to enable digital innovation by other firms?

Digital platform

What are we referring to with the following definition: community of buyers and sellers who

transact via digital technologies?

Digital marketplace

What is the defining characteristic of an aggregator?

it integrates a digital platform and a marketplace

Positive Feedback refers to what?

an economic condition where the stronger gets stronger and the weaker get weaker.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of information goods?

They are consumed by use

What is the relationship between data and information?

Information is data in context

In virtualization theory, what do we call the degree to which the activities that make up a process

need to occur in real time or with minimal delay?

Synchronism requirements

In virtualization theory, what do we call the degree to which the process requires the unique

identification of all participants?

Identification and control requirements

In virtualization theory, what do we call the need for process participants to be able to experience a

range of sensory stimuli in order to engage in the process?

sensory requirements

In virtualization theory, what do we call the need for process participants to interact in a social or

professional context?

relationship requirements

Tippy markets are associated with strong positive feedback. True/False?

True

The Internet has eliminated the richness-reach trade-off. True/False?

False

A sustaining technology provides the same set of characteristics as previous technology, but with

superior performance. True/False?

False

A disruptive technology provides the same set of characteristics as previous technology, with

radically superior performance. True/False?

True

The value of a virtual network for its members is a function of its size; however, the value of a

physical network depends on the scarcity of the devices in the physical network. True/False

True

In which of the following cases would you be participating in a crowdsourcing activity?

you are actively participating in a runner's online community sharing your own experiences

What is the form of electronic commerce enabling individual consumers to interact and transact

consumer to consumer (C2C)

Newspapers have traditionally relied on the advertisement support as their primary revenue model.

But the emergence of Google and Facebook has dramatically reduced the ability of newspapers to

draw advertiser. This is an example of:

digital disruption

What is the form of electronic commerce involving two for-profit organizations in the transaction?

business to business (B2B)

What is the revenue model of Airbnb, the digital marketplace for vacation accommodations?

Pay for service

What is the revenue model of Facebook and Instagram?

Advertisement support

Netflix and Apple Music charge a monthly fee to access their movies and music respectively. What is

their revenue model?

Subscription

Unlike Apple Music, Spotify allows you to listen for free. But if you want to avoid ads, you need to

pay a subscription. What is Spotify's revenue model?

Freemium

What do we call the situation when a company receives orders from its website rather than from

existing distribution channels?

Disintermediation

When your company introduces chat-bots for its call centers with the aim of reducing employee

costs, your firm is trying to attain a higher degree of:

Automation

Digital transformation mostly impacts:

Digital markets

What is a key challenge for organizations engaging in digital transformation?

To use digital technology effectively

The availability of open standards is a key enabler of the success of the Internet. True/False?

True

Infomediaries take ownership of information goods and sell them at a profit. True/False?

False

Uber Eats is a pure play company which, has no stores, no physical operations and provide its

services through the Internet. True/False?

True

One of the key characteristics of mobile devices is identifiability. True/False?

True

Digital Transformation is:

The application and exploitation of digital technology to radically rethink organizational business

and operational models.

Digital Innovation is:

The application of digital technologies by existing organization to create new and improved

products, processes or services.

Digital Entrepreneurship is:

The creation of new economic activities embodied in or enabled by digital technologies.