Finas: Pre-analytical (Part 1)

Cytopathology

Deals with cells and fluids, cytologic changes in cells.

Surgical Pathology

Studies normal and abnormal. Most are abnormal tissue. Bridge the gap between beginning and end stage.

Surgeons, OBGYNE

Who are the Anatomist in 17th century?

Embedding

Cutting

Deparrafinization

Sectioning

Cutting

Mounting

Labelling

Process of specimen by histotech: ECDSCML

Receiving

Accessioning

Grossing

Processing

What are the pre analytical?

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Clue: RAGP

A. Department manager

Crew where it is responsible for overall.

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A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

B. Medtech/Histotech

Responsible for grossing in pre-analytical phase.

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A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

C. Clerial support

Responsible for station of accessioning, grossing and report generation.

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A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

D. Pathologist and Resident

Responsible for the analysis and diagnosis

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Responsible for station of accessioning, grossing and report generation.

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A. Department manager

B. Medtech/Histotech

C. Clerial Support

D. Pathologist and Resident

E. Lab aid

F. All are purposes

Which are not purpose of histopathology/cytology studies?

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A. To diagnose

B. To treat

C. Asses prognosis

D. Asses treatment

E. To screen disease

F. None of the above

10% formalin

What is the percentage of fixative used in histopath?

75% formalin

What is the percentage of fixative used in cytopath?

C. 1:100

What is the container ratio?

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A. 1:200

B. 1:10

C. 1:100

True

In request forms, do you need to know the previous diagnosis of the patient?

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TRUE OR FALS

10x the volume of tissue

What is the ideal volume of fixative you should use?

A. Autolysis

What will happen if the specimen is not processed immediately?

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A. Autolysis

B. Darkening of tissue

C. Tissue will shrink

A. Fixation

The purpose of this is to preserve tissues permanently in a life-like state as possible.

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A. Fixation

B. Dehydration

C. Clearing

Formaldehyde

It is a fixative that is almost closet to being perfect, mostly used.

Aldehydes, mercurial, alcohol, oxidizing agent, picrate

What are the 5 major groups of fixatives? AMAOP

A. Aldehydes

Part of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde:

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A, Aldehydes

B. Mercurial

C. Alcohols

D. Oxidizing agents

E. Picrate

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A. Formaldehyde

Tissue is fixed by cross-linkages formed in the proteins, particularly between lysine residues.

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A. Formaldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde

TRUE

This cross-linkage **does not harm the structure** of proteins greatly, so that antigenicity is not lost.

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TRUE OR FALSE

B. Immunoperoxidase technique

Formaldehyde is good for:

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A. Immunohistochemistry technique

B. Immunoperoxidase technique

C. Immunocytology technique

B. Slow (24 hours)

Penetration of formaldehyde to tissue is:

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A. Fast

B. Slow

B. 10% neutral buffered formalin

What is the __gold standard/standard solution__ of formalin in histopath?

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A. 10% neutral buffered formalin

B. 10% saline formalin

C. Buffer

It prevents the acidity that would promote autolysis and cause precipitation of formolheme pigment in the tissue?

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A. Formaline

B. Saline

C. Buffer

D. Very good for electron microscopy (glutaraldehyde)

Which is not true about formaldehyde?

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A. used for all routine surgical pathology and autopsy tissues when an H and E slide is to be produce.

B. the most forgiving of all fixatives when conditions are not ideal, and there is no tissue that it will harm significantly. (most non-toxic)

C. Most clinicians and nurses can understand what formalin is and does and it smells bad enough that they are careful handling it.

D. Very good for electron microscopy

B. Glutaraldehyde

They can cause deformation of alpha-helix structure in protein so its not good for Immunoperoxidase staining.

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A. Formaldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde

Penetrates very poor but best in overall cytoplasmic and nuclear detail.

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A. Formaldehyde

B. Glutaraldehyde \`

2% buffered glutaraldehyde

What is the standard solution of gulataraldehyde?

B5 and Zenkers

Known fixative for mercurials?

B. Mercurial

Best application is for fixation of **hematopoietic** and **reticuloendothelial** tissues such as bone marrow and lymp nodes.

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A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

A. Methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol

They are **protein denaturants** and are not used routinely for tissues because they **cause too much brittleness and hardness.**

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A. Methyl alcohol and ethyl

B. Potassium permanganate

C. Mercuric chloride

C. Alcohol H

They are good for cytologic smears and give good nuclear details

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A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

C. 95% ethyl

How many percent of ethyl alcohol is used in cytopathologic fixation?

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A. 50% ethyl

B. 90% ethyl

C. 95% ethyl

True

Spray can of alcohol is use for PAP smear before. But hairspray too.

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True or False

D. Oxidizing agent

It is used for **tissue culture** specially on **freeze drying**. They can cross-link rproteins but cause extensive denaturation.

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A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurial

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

D. None (All are oxidizing)

Which are not part of oxidizing agents.

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A. Potassium permanganate

B. Potassium dichromate

C. Osmium tetroxide

D. None of the above

E. Picrate

Foremost among is the **Bouins fluid**

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A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

e. Picrate

Same as mercurial because of the nuclear detail but does not cause hardness.

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A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

E. Picrate

The solution stain yellow when in touches the skin.

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A. Aldehyde

B. Mercurials

C. Alcohol

D. Oxidizing agent

E. Picrate

A. 10% neutral buffered formalin

Ideal solution in histopathology:

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A. 10% neutral buffered Formalin

B. 95% ethyl alcohol

b. 95% ethyl alcohol

Ideal solution in cytopathology:

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A. 10% neutral buffered Formalin

B. 95% ethyl alcohol

B. 7

What is the pH of a commercial formalin when buffered with phosphate?

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A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

A. 6-7 (neutral)

pH of fixation should be around:

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A. 6-7

B. 7-8

C. 4-5

TRUE

Does hypoxia lowers the pH of fixation?

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True or false

Formalin-heme pigment

It is a black polarizable deposits in tissue

B. 2-3mm

Ideal cut for great penetration?

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A. 1-3 mm

B. 2-3mm

C. 5 mm

A. 10:1

Ratio of fixative to tissue

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A. 10:1

B. 10:5

C. 20:1

False ( hot formalin)

Cold formalin will fix the tissue faster.

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True or false

TRUE

High concentration of fixative will cause tissue swelling

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tRUE OR FALSE

C. Saline

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Artifacts will be introduced by drying so tissue must be keep it moist with:

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A. Formalin

B. Alcohol

C. Saline

B. 8 specimen slide

Minimum slides for radical specimen.

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A. 5 specimen slide

B. 8 specimen slide