Studied by 33 people
Barbary Pirates
Historically US payed pirates around Africa reparations to trade in the area
Jefferson stops reparation payments
Begin attacking US ships
Negotiated for lower payment
Strict Constructionist
Democratic republicans
Gov can do only what is explicitly written in constitution
Loose constructionist
Federalists
Gov can do more than what is explicitly written in constitution
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson wants French land- sends James Monroe to France to negotiate
Napoleon says yes to more than US wanted
Jefferson conflicted bc constitution doesn’t say president can purchase land (strict constructionist)
Effects of Louisiana Purchase
Natives pushed further west
Cut of European influence
Lewis and Clark / Corps of Discovery
Accurate mapping of region
diplomatic relations with natives
more knowledge of region
Marshall Court
Fought for expansion of federal Power
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall
Marbury v Madison
Proclaimed Supreme Court to be final interpreter of constitution
Increased power of Supreme Court
Judicial Review
Supreme Court final interpreter of constitution
Marbury v Madison
McCullough v Maryland
Federal law trumps state law
War of 1812 Causes
France fighting with Britain
British seizing US ships
Native resistance (Americans blame British)
British Impressment of American Sailors
Treaty of Ghent
Ends War of 1812
Unclear of who gets what territory
Hartford Convention
Federalists upset about war of 1812
Says NE should secede from Union
Demise of Federalists (Out of touch)
Effects of War of 1812
America “wins”
Increased nationalism
Demise of federalists
Era of Good Feelings
Warhawks
Urging America to fight British in war of 1812
Era of Good Feelings
Lead by Democratic Republicans
Nationalism- good feelings about US post War of 1812
American System
Henry Clay- unify economy
1) Federally funded internal improvements
2) Impose protective tariffs (support American manufacturers)
3) Re-establish Bank of US
Westward Expansion post War of 1812
Missouri applies for statehood- debates over if it will be a slave state
Talmadge Amendment
Senator attached amendment to Missouri statehood declaring it free
would upset the balance of free to slave states in Senate
Possible breakup of union
Compromise of 1820/ Missouri Compromise
Brought in Missouri as slave state
Maine as free state
Establish 36 30 line- below = slave states above =free states
America on the World stage (Early 1800s)
Firm up boundaries
Expand influence
James Monroe (1816)
5th president of US
Wanted to expand US influence in Western Hemisphere
49th parallel
Monroe established this as the US-Canadian boarder
Adams-Onis Treaty
John Quincy Adams
Spain sold florida to US
Established US southern boarder
Monroe Doctorine
Established US sphere of influence in Western Hemisphere
declared West Hemisphere as free of European influence
Market Revolution
Linked Northern industries with Southern farms
advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation
American System of Manufacturing
Mass production in factories
Market revolution
New Technology in Market Rev
Cotton gin +spinning machine- make things faster
interchangeable parts - unskilled laborers
steamboat - upstream
Transportation in Market Revolution
Man made canals
Railroads- government grants
made trade easier
Erie Canal
First man made canal in US
Immigrants in Market Rev
From Ireland and Germany mostly
Cheap labor
created homesteads in west
laboring poor class
completion for jobs
Tenements
Immigrant/ poor working class housing
spread disease
poor living conditions
Nativism
Angry at immigrants coming to US
worried about culture
worried about jobs being taken
Urbanization
made cities
around factories
New Middle class
Northern
Had disposable income - entertainment
wives at home
Women in Market Rev
Cult of domesticity
poor women work
Lowell Mills
Lowell Mills
Women worked in textile factories in Lowell, MA
Cult of Domesticity
Women’s identity in home and kids
men out of the home working
Only upper and middle class women
Panic of 1819
Recession in US
caused working and poor to demand a vote
Causes of Panic of 1819
Irresponsible banking
decreased demands for exports due to tariffs
Effects of Panic of 1819
Working men demand vote
lower property qualifications to vote
new voters = new political party alignment
Split in Democratic Republicans
Native republicans and Democrats
Native republicans
Expansive view of federal power
loose constructionists
Democrats
Restrictive new of federal power
strict constructionists
Presidential Election of 1824
Nat reps- JQ Adams and Henry Clay
Dems- Andrew Jackson (went to the people to campaign)
Corrupt Barigain
Andrew Jackson won popular vote, but no one won majority - left up to congress
Henry Clay supports Adams- he wins
Jackson says it was a corrupt bargain
Whig Party
Led by Henry Clay
American System
Andrew Jackson
17th US president
challenged scope of US federal power
Tariff of 1828/Tariff of Abominations
Andrew Jackson
raised import duties
Southern hates- north loves
Nullification
Nullification
state decides not to follow a federal law
South Carolina Nullification
SC says they won’t pay the taxes in Jackon’s tariff of abominations
threaten to secede
Force Bill
Jackson says he will send federal troops to SC to make them pay taxes after nullification
Jackson’s Bank Veto
State banks closing bc they cannot pay
Jackson says the national bank values the elite
vetos bank charter
Indian Removal Act (1830)
People want Native lands for gold
Jackson makes them relocate
Cherokee refused to leave
Worcester v GA
court ruled Cherokee sovereign nation
could not be removed
Treaty of New Echota
Tricked tribe members into signing agreement to move to a reservation
trail of tears
Trail of Tears
Forced removal of natives
New American Identity
Language, Philosophy, Art, Religion
Noah Webster
Created the Webster dictionary
clarified American english
Transcendentalism
Human perfectibility
inspiration from romanticism in Europe
beauty of nature
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Philosopher
moral perfection
David Thoreau
Philosopher
Walden book
human perfection
cabin experiment
Utopian communities
Perfect communities
Onita community
Utopian
living communally
perfect equality
complex marriage
Hudson River Valley School
painted natural American scenes
Second Great Awakening
Emphasize moral reformation of society
Evangelical preachers
camp meetings
rise of religion
egalitarian- all people
Southern Baptists
Split in Baptist church
Northern abolitionists
Charles Finney
New York preacher
preach to common people
across north
Temperance
No alcohol
American Temperance society
influenced by second great awakening
targeted working class men who abused alcohol
Mormonism (1840s)
New religion
believed all other churches had strayed from God
Book of Mormon
Kicked out of VA for polygamy
settled in Salt Lake, Utah
Joseph Smith
Founder of mormon church
Abolition Movement
Against slavery
used to just be free blacks and quakers → growth in North
American Anti-Slavery Society
The Liberator
The Liberator
Anti-slavery newspaper
Use of moral persuasion on slavery
William Lloyd Garrison
Women in Abolition Movement
Aren’t able to advocate bc of gender
led to push for more women’s rights
Against Abolition
Southern slave owners AND non slave owning (Yeoman farmers)
Northern merchants and manufacturing- fall of cotton industry they relied on, competition for jobs
Seneca Falls Convention
Women meet to demand rights
Declaration of Sentiments
Declaration of Sentiments
Want equal education, legal rights, and voting rights for women
The Southern plantations
Plantation industry expands
Creates plantation aristocracy- harsh on slaves
worried about slave uprising after Haitian revolution
Slave Culture
Songs of despair and hope
drums etc
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Slave revolution in VA
killed over 50 white people
eventually hanged
lead to harsher discipline for slaves
Note 
Flashcard (35)