ID Quiz Period 1 - Baker

stratification

a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society; the arrangement or classification of something into different groups

syncretism

the practice of combining different religions, cultures, or schools of thought

mercantilism

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism; European economic doctrine calling for strict regulation of the economy in order to ensure a balance of exports over imports and increase the amount of gold and silver in a nation's treasury

imperial

relating to an empire

context

the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed; parts of something written or spoken that immediately precede and follow a word or passage and clarify its meaning

hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority

refute

to prove that someone/something is wrong

papal

having to do with the pope

encomienda

a labor system that the Spanish established to gain access to the gold and other resources of the Americas

incentive

a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something

assimilate

to absorb a culturally distinct group into the dominant culture; to understand/comprehend something

Columbian Exchange

transition of people, plants, insects, and microbes (diseases) between two hemispheres (Natives & Europeans), initiated, when Columbus reached the Americas in 1492

patriarchal

relating to or characteristic of a patriarch; relating to or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men

caste

the system of dividing society into hereditary classes; the sytem of social stratification separating individuals by various distinctions, among them hereditary, rank, profession, wealth, and race; the Indian (Aryan & Hindu) social structure

Bartolome De Las Casas

a Dominican priest who was best known for protecting the Native Americans and also exposing the abuse of the Natives under the encomienda system

Maya

Meso-American tribe; one of the ancient, early peoples that established a great civilization in Meso-America; pyramid builders; distinct hierarchy; required blood sacrifices

Tenochtitlan

modern-day Mexico City; the Aztecs capital

Meso-America

the area stretching from present-day central Mexico southward through Honduras and Nicaragua, in which pre-Columbian civilizations developed (a region that includes the southern part of Mexico and much of Central America)

Cahokia

the largest town of the Mississippian people (the Mound builders); largest site north of Mexico

genocide

the deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group (or ethnicity)

matriarchal

relating to or denoting a form of social organization in which a woman is the head

Mestizo

people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry; top of the castas group in social ranking

conquistador

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century

Iroquois Confederacy

confederation of 5 Native tribes (later 6); this confederacy protected the Iroquois people's rights and from other villages that might attack

sequence

a particular order in which related events follow each other

pacify

bring peace to (a country or warring factions), especially by the use or threatened use of military force

Montezuma II

the 9th, and last, Aztec emperor of Mexico who is famous for his dramatic confrontation with Hernan Cortes

Inca

Meso-American tribe; controlled 1,000 miles stretch of land; engineers; had elaborate road networks; Atahualpa was the last emperor

synthesis

combination of ideas that form a theory/system

bureaucracy

system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than the elected representatives