Pocket Portfolio (ASCP) - Parasitology

Diphyllobothrium Latum Egg size

Diphyllobothrium Latum Egg size

60 micrometers (average)

Diphyllobothrium Latum egg characteristics

• Broadly oval

• Operculated

• Abopercular knob

• Smooth, yellowish brown

• Unembryonated in feces

D Latum proglottids

• Wider than long

• Uterine Structure has rosette configuration

D latum adult

Scolex with two bothria, one dorsal and one ventral

Taenia Species size

~ 35 micrometers

Taenia ssp egg description

• Fully embryonated

• Infective

• Resistant to environmental conditions

• Striated shell

• Round/oval

Taenia Solium (pork tapeworm)

• 8-13 uterine branches

• Longer than it is wide

• Scolex

  • 4 suckers

  • Hooklets

Taenia saginata size

• More than 13 uterine branches

• Each segment is longer than it is wide

• Scolex

  • No hooklets

  • 4 suckers

Hymenolopsis nana egg size

~ 38 micrometers

Hymenolopsis nana egg description

• Round/oval

• Thin shell

• Polar thickenings with 4-8 polar filaments between oncosphere and shell

• 6 hooklets

Hymenolopsis diminuta size

~ 65 micrometers

Hymenolopsis diminuta egg description

• round/oval

• Oncosphere looks similar to H. Nana

• Clear, gelatinous area around oncosphere inside thick shell

Echinococcus granulosum

• Hyatid Tapeworm

• Damages bones and organs

• Infects human by creating cysts in one of the organs

Clinorchis sinesis size

~ 15 × 31 micrometers

Clinorchis sinensis description

• Chinese liver fluke

• Infects small ducts of biliary tree

• fully embryonated when passed in feces

• Ovoid, thick brownish-yellow shell

• Distinct opercular shoulders surrounding operculum

• comma-shaped appendage at end opposite operculum

Fasciolopsis buski size

• ~ 75 × 140 micrometers

• Can not differentiate from Fasciola hepatica

Fasciolopsis buski description

• Large intestinal fluke

• Unembryonated when passed in feces

• Operculated, ovoid

• Yellow-brown

Fasciola hepatica size

• ~ 75 × 140 micrometers

• Can not be differentiated from Fasciolopsis buski

Fasciola hepatica description

• sheep liver fluke

• unembryonated when passed in fees

• Operculated

• Brownish-yellow

• Ovoid

Paragonimus westermani size

• ~54 × 100 micrometers

Paragonimus westermani description

• Lung Fluke

• Ovoid, yellow-brown

• Unembryonated

• Thick-shelled

• Operculated with opercular shoulders

• Often confused with eggs of D. Latum

Schistosoma Description

• Blood Flukes

• Cercariae penetrate intact skin in water

• Adults reside in circulatory system

• Diecious

• Eggs not operculated

Schistosoma mansoni size

• ~ 59 × 147 micrometers

Schistosoma mansoni description

• Fully embryonated

• No operculum

• Light, yellow-brown

• Elongate with large lateral spine projecting from the side near one side of the egg

Schistosoma japonicum

~ 50 × 70 micrometers

Schistosoma japonicum description

• Fully embryonated

• No operculum

• Spherical

• Minute, lateral spine

Schistosoma haematobium

~ 55 × 141 micrometers

Schistosoma haematobium description

• Urinary schistosomiasis

• Fully embryonated

• No operculum

• Yellow-brown

• Large, terminal spine

Enterobius vermicularis

Common name is pinworm

• female: 8-13 mm long, with wide pointed tail

• male: 2-5 mm long with curved caudal end

• Fin at head end

Enterobius vermicularis eggs size

50-60 micrometers x 20-32 micrometers

Enterobius vermicularis eggs description

Foot-ball shaped with one side flattened

Translucent shell of moderate thickness

Fully embryonated larvae

Ascaris lumbricoides - Adult

• Intestinal roundworm

• Cylindrical

• Tapered anterior end

• Pass many fertilized and unfertilized eggs (~200,000/day)

• Largest roundworm in humans

  • Females: 20-35 centimeters

  • Males: 15-30 centimeters

Ascaris lumbricoides - Unfertilized Eggs size

Up to 40 × 90 micrometers

Ascaris lumbricoides - Unfertilized Eggs Description

• Oval, elongated

• May be largely mammillated or slightly mammillated

• Shell is thin and if decorticated

Ascaris lumbricoides Fertilized Eggs size

45-75 micrometers x 30-50 micrometers

Ascaris lumbricoides - Fertilized Eggs description

Broadly oval

Thick, mammilated coat

Bile-stained, golden brown

Sometimes decorticated — loss of mammillation (may resemble hookworm eggs)

Trichuris Trichiura - Adult

• Whipworm

• Female: 35-50 mm long

• Male: 30-45 mm long

• Head portion is very small

Trichuris trichiura egg size

22-23 × 50-54 micrometers

Trichuris trichiura egg description

Barrel-shaped

Clear, mucoid polar plugs

Hookworm egg size

35-40 micrometers x 50-60 micrometers

Hookworm Egg Morphology Description

Oval with broadly rounded ends

Thin shell

Clear area between the developing embryo and shell

Hookworm Filariform Larvae

300-600 micrometers

Pronounced, pointed tail

Ancylostoma duodenale - Adult

• Hooked head

• Teeth

• Spicules below teeth help it attach

Necator americanus - Adult

• Cutting plates

• Anterior hook (head is sharply bent from body)

Strongyloides stercoralis - Filariform larvae

• Threadworm

• Notched tail

• Eggs are not seen in stool unless severely immunocompromised

Strongyloides stercoralis - Rhabditiform larvae

• Non-infective

• Short buccal cavity

• Genital primordium

• Muscular esophagus

• 200 micrometers

Wucheria bancrofti Microfilariae size

245-300 micrometers

Wucheria bancrofti microfilariae description

found in blood

sheathed

Body nuclei do not extend to the tip of the tail

Vector: Mosquito

Nocturnal periodicity: 10P-4A

Brugia malayi Microfilariae

• Sheathed

• Two nuclei distinctly separate from the others in the tail, extend to the tip of the tail

• Nocturnal periodicity: 10P - 4A

• Vector: Mosquito

Loa Loa Microfilariae

• African Eye Worm

• Vector: Mango fly or Chrysops spp.

• Sheathed

• Nuclei are continuous to the tip of the tail

• Diurnal periodicity : 10A - 2P

Onchocerca volvulus

• Vector: Blackfly or buffalo gnat

• Unsheathed

• Body nuclei do not extend to tail

• Migrate through dermis and connective tissue

Trichinella spiralis

• Caused trichinosis

• Larvae are coiled in muscle tissue

• 1 mm in diameter

What are the general characteristics of intestinal protozoa?

• Small size

• Morphological characteristics overlap among species

• Must use permanent stained smear for definitive identification

What are some characteristics of trophozoites?

• Motile

• Feeds on host

• Reproduces

• Active Stage

• Loose Stool

• Diagnostic Stage

• Killed by iodine and concentration procedure

• Must use trichrome stain

What are some characteristics of cysts?

Non-motile

Dormant Stage

Formed stool

Infectious and Diagnostic Stage

Seen on iodine wm and trichrome

What are the clinical conditions caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

Invasive intestinal amebiasis

Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis

What is morphologically similar to Entamoeba histolytica?

Entamoeba dispar

What is the size of Entamoeba histolytica troph?

10-60 micrometers (15-20 micrometers most common)

Describe the nucleus of the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite.

Single nucleus

Chromatin: finely granular and evenly distributed around periphery

Karyosome: Small, centrally located

Describe the cytoplasm of the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite.

Finely granular

May contain bacteria or RBCs

How can you differentiate Entamoeba histolytica troph from Entamoeba dispar under the microscope?

Entamoeba histolytica has bacteria or RBCs while Entamoeba does not.

What is the size of the Entamoeba histolytica/dispar cyst?

10-20 micrometers

Describe the Nucleus of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar cyst

4 nuclei

Peripheral chromatin: fine, evenly distributed

Karyosome: small, discrete, centrally located

Describe the cytoplasm of the Entamoeba histolytica cyst

Chromatoidal bars may be present

Chromotoidal bars have blunt ends

What is the size of the Entamoeba hartmanni troph?

5-12 micrometers

Describe the nucleus of Entamoeba hartmanni troph.

Chromatin: Small granules, evenly distributed

Karyosome: Small, discrete, centric

Single nucleus

Describe the cytoplasm of Entamoeba hartmanni troph.

Finely granular

What is the size of the Entamoeba hartmanni cyst?

5-10 micrometers

Describe the nuclei of Entamoeba hartmanni cyst

1-4 nuclei

Peripheral chromatin: Fine, evenly distributed

Karyosome: Small, discrete, centric

Describe the cytoplasm of Entamoeba hartmanni cyst.

Chromatoidal bars with blunt ends

What is the size of the Entamoeba coli troph?

15-50 micrometers (usually 20-25)

Describe the nucleus of the Entamoeba coli troph

Single nucleus

Chromatin: heavy granules, irregular in size and distribution

Karyosome: Large, may be diffuse, often eccentric

Describe the cytoplasm of Entamoeba coli troph.

Course

Often vacuolated

May contain bacteria or other debris

What is the size of entamoeba coli cyst?

10-35 micrometers

Describe the nucleus of the Entamoeba coli cyst.

8 nuclei

Peripheral chromatin: course, granular

Karyosome: Large, eccentric or central

Describe the cytoplasm in Entamoeba coli cyst.

Chromatoidal bars, usually have pointed ends

What is the size of the Endolimax nana troph?

6-12 micrometer

Describe the nucleus of Endolimax nana troph.

No peripheral chromatin

Karyosome: large, blot-like, centric

Describe the cytoplasm of the Endolimax nana troph.

Granular

May be vacuolates

What is the size of Endolimax nana cyst

5-10 micrometers

Describe the nuclei in Endolimax nana cyst

No peripheral chromatin

Karyosome: large, blot-like, centric

Describe the cytoplasm of the endolimax nana cyst

small granules

rarely have chromatoid bodies

What is the size of Iodamoeba butschlii troph?

8-10 micrometers