Dante Midterm

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62 Terms

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terza rima

interlocking tercets

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contrapasso

The punishment has to fit the crime

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leopard

lust

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lion

pride

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she-wolf

avarice

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epic simile

formal, sustained simile

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chiasmus

greek term, X form

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fainting

overwhelmed, not mature enough

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pagan poets

ovid, homer, horace, lucan

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only smile in Inferno

Virgil seeing Dante with the poets

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translatio imperii

translation of empire

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translatio studii

translation of intellectual spirit

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translatio amoris

translation of love

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Francesca and Paola

brought together by reading Lancelot and Guinevere, blames other people for her issues, converted to lust by romantic narrative, sympathetic image

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Ciacco

idea of envy and is center of political sphere in Florence, prophesizes political unrest and Dante’s exile

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second circle

lustful

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third circle

gluttonous

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fourth circle

avarice (greed) and prodigal (spending too much money)

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fifth circle

wrathful

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sin of incontinence

lack of control over oneself

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wrath of intemperance

trying not to harm anyone by lashes out, no malic

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Filippo Argenti

former political enemies with Dante, Virgil pushes him off the boat, Dante is harsh with him

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Gates of Dis

mixture of Greek myth and Biblical, guarded by Medusa and Furies, gates slammed in Virgil’s face (role reversal)

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Virgil closing Dante’s eyes from Medusa

don’t get stuck on the surface level of the poem

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angel messenger opening gates

Hell is an act of God’s divine justice

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Epicurus

the highest good is happiness (peace of mind, not pleasure)

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Farinata and Calvalcante

Farinata: soul dies with the body, enemy of Dante

Calvalcante: friend of Dante in Vita Nuova, wants to know what happened to Guido, sight of the damned cannot see the present but can see the future

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moral structure of Hell

violence against neighbor, self, God

simple fraud

treachery

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seventh circle

violence

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Pier della Vigna

makes us feel bad for him, lost reputation, put in jail, and then killed himself, wants to rehabilitate his reputation as confidant and minister of Fredrick II

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Capaneus

any violence against a higher power/what you believe in (cries out against Jupiter)

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the old man of Crete

how rivers of Hell came to be (gold-silver-bronze-iron), allegory of historical degeneration (classical perspective) and allegory of redemption and hop (christian perspective)

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Simonists and Ecclesiastical offices

inversion of baptism (fire feet)

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Diviners, astrologers, magicians

heads turned around, silent crying, Tiresias

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farse humor

farting humor, time in Hell degrades you, language is a sign of humanity and misused by sinners

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Malacoda

tricked by Navarrese, lies about the bridge

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Vanni Fucci

bit by serpent, turned to ash and rises, similar to Adam and Eve, metaphoric punishment, thieves

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Ulysses

false counselor, parallel journeys between the two (epic author/poetic flight and epic character/flight)

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Ulysses’ speech

Creates hierarchy, prefers seeking knowledge to domesticity (contrasts Virgil’s Aenid), doesn’t understand boundaries, constructs himself as hero, nautical imagery

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Guido da Montefeltro

retires from fraudulent counseling and joins Franciscan order but Pope Bonovisto 8th convinces him to reengage with military affairs, inverts Dante’s journey, a “new Ulysses”, uses nautical imagery

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psychomachia

struggle for the soul

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Canto 28

slaughterhouse canto, the ineffable, Mohammed (religious division) and Bertran de Born (political division), sowers of scandal

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Geri del Bello

Dante’s relative that was murdered, struggles with need for vengeance and knowing God’s ability to have vengeance

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Master Adam and Sinon

better to be a liar or a counterfeiter of coins? Dante gets caught up in their argument

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the giants

look like towers in a city, rendered immobile, foreshadow Lucifer, stubbornly encased in sin, size represents pride and rebelliousness

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Nimrod’s speech

corrupted speech (mimics Tower of Babel)

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meditation on the vernacular

Do I have adequate language to describe this part of Hell? The ineffable

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Antenora

betrayed Troy to the Greeks

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Bocca

Dante kicks him in the head, offers fame, Bocca wants anonymity

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Ugolino

sinner chewing on other sinners, parody of communion, did he truly eat his kids or starve to death?

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Lucifer

encased in ice, cannot move, has big wings that he flaps, three faces eating Judas, Cassius, and Brutus, anti-trinity

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Cato

figure of freedom and liberty, read Plato before committing suicide and resisted Caesar, guardian of purgatory

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Casella

invocation of Biblical and classical allusions, signs song that overwhelms Dante, chased away by Cato

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the nature of souls

Plato: plurality of souls

Dante: humans have one soul, divided into three parts

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Sordello (4 apostrophes)

Italy itself (corrupt), Church (tampering in temporal affairs), God (allowed Italy to slip into bad state), Florence (ironically talking about it)

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stars

faith, hope, and charity (3 theological virtues)

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guardians of Gates

penance, penitence, contrition, confession, and satisfaction = absolution, puts 7 P’s on Dante’s head (weight)

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gold and silver key

absolve sins and priestly judgment