Exam 4

immunology, digestive, renal, urinary

Specific defenses

target specific antigens

initially slower, faster on next exposure

memory involved

Non specific defenses

body’s first line of defenses

rapid and immediate

no memory

inflammation

immediate response, body’s way of telling you that the healing process has begun

serves to contain damage, remove harmful agents, and initiate tissue repair

fever

body temp. increase as body’s defense mechanism against infection or injury

function of the immune system

protect the body from harmful agents and maintain internal homeostasis

b-cells

made in bone marrow (RBC)

clonal expansion

primary immune response

why do b cells make clones of itself when exposed to a pathogen?

creating a more powerful immune response to fight the infection and develop long-lasting immunity

why do b cells need memory cells?

to respond more quickly and more strongly with long term immunity

t-cells

matures in the thymus

physically attacking foreign or diseased cells directly.

double recognition

secondary immune response

antigens

capable of triggering an immune response when recognizes a foreign or “non-self”

antibodies

produced by b-cells that specifically recognize and bind to antigens

immunocompetence

capability of recognizing a particular antigen

“sensitization”

what are the advantages of having a one-way gut?

Efficient in digesting food molecules, proteins, carbs, and fats

why is the lumen of the gut not inside the body?

gut microbes that live in the tube help with digesting food

function of the digestive system

break down the foods you eat, release their nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body

challenges to the digestive system

prevent autodigestion

match input with output

process of digestion

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defacation

immunodeficiency

when the immune system is too weak to attack pathogens

autoimmune disease

when the immune system is too aggressive and attacks its own cells, healthy and foreign

how does antigenic stability relate to the difficulty of finding a HIV vaccine?

HIV mutates too quickly for a vaccine to be able work

vaccine

designed to recognize and remember what a specific germ is

active immunity

passive immunity