AP World History Period 4 Vocab

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self-determination

a nation—a group of people with similar political ambitions—can seek to create its own independent government or state.

Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

a military alliance (agreement to fight together) between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Triple Entente

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

Trench War

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Armenian Genocide

The massacre of Armenians conducted by Turkey during WWI

Balfour Declaration

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

Vladmir Lenin

leader of the Bolsheviks who overthrew the Russian czar; the start of communism in Russia

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Ataturk

"Father of the Turks" who helped to create Republic of Turkey and wanted to modernize [westernize] Turkey as well as separate religion and government

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Mandate System

Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I; to be administered under League of Nations supervision.

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

New Economic Policy

Lenin's economy reform that re-established economic freedom in an attempt to build agriculture and industry

Joseph Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Facism

political system based on a strong centralized government headed by a dictator

Benito Mussolini

Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocoust.

anti-semitism

hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

Indian National Congress

group formed by Hindu nationalist leaders of India in the late 1800's to gain greater democracy and eventual self-rule

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948)

Sun Yat Sen

this man was a radical Chinese reformer who sought to overthrow the government

May Fourth Movement

A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence.

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Chiang Kai-Shek

General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925, major goal was to crush the communist movement.

Long March

A 6,000-mile journey made in 1934-1935 by Chinese Communists fleeing from Jiang Jieshi's Nationalist forces

Jomo Kenyatta

A nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans; later became the first Prime Minister of Kenya

Pan-Africanism

the principle or advocacy of the political union of all the indigenous inhabitants of Africa.

Fidel Castro

Communist dictator of Cuba who came into power in 1959.

Dollar Diplomacy

the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence.

United Fruit Company

U.S. corporation that controlled the fruit trade in much of Latin America

Axis Powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Allied Powers

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.

Rape of Nanjing

Japanese conquest and destruction of the Chinese city of Nanjing in the 1930s.

Munich Conference

An agreement/conference that gave Germany the Sudetenland

Dresden bombings

Bombings started by the U.S and Britain on German cities in attempts to destroy industrial production, leaving many German cities ruined.

Hiroshima

Japanese city that was hit with the first atomic bomb on August 6, 1945

Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

NATO

an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

Nonaligned movement

a coalition led by India, Yugoslavia, and Egypt that stressed neutrality in the Cold War

Gamal Abdel Nasser

He led the coup which took down King Farouk and started a new period of modernization and socialist reform in Egypt, nationalized the Suez Canal

Pan-Arabism

movement in which Arabs sought to unite all Arabs into one state

perestroika

A policy by Mikhail Gorbachev, it was restructuring of the social and economic status of communist Russia to a market based economy and society

Great Leap Forward

plan used in China from 1958-1961, aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern industrial society.

Green Revolution

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Universal Deceleration of Human Rights

Document for the United Nations that states the basic rights of the nations that are in the United Nations, 1948