Chem Test 1 (Pure substances, solids, mixtures, etc.)

Pure Substances

Single kind of matter that can’t be broken down (Gold, Copper Wire, Sugar, Salt, Hydrogen Gas, Diamonds, etc).

Element

Made from one kind of atom; cannot be broken down

Compound

Substance made from more than one element; can be broken down into elements (pure substances).

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up volume.

Mixtures

When elements are combined physically; can be separated by physical means.

Homogenous Mixtures

Mixtures that have uniform composition; appear to be one substance but are actually multiple.

Heterogenous Mixtures

Mixtures that don’t have a uniform composition; appear to be multiple substances

¿Que está?

Mixture

¿Que está?

Compound

¿Que está?

Element

¿Que está?

Element

¿Que está?

2 different elements forming a compound

¿Que está?

2 different elements forming a mixture

Decant

Separates liquids from solid; solids settle at bottom of beaker, and you separate the two by stirring the liquid and then pouring it out of the beaker.

Filtration

Separates solids from fluids; passes a mixture through a porous material that lets the fluid pass through but not the solid.

Evaporation

Separates liquids from solid in a solution; allows the liquid to turn into a vapor, leaving the soluble solid behind.

Crystallization

Separates pure solid particles from a liquid solution creating the dissolved substance. As liquid substance evaporates, the atoms from the dissolved solid come out of the solution and solidifies.

Non-magnetic metals

Gold, Silver, and Aluminum

Sifting

Separates a mixture of different substances based on their size.

Extraction

Separates an insoluble solid from a soluble solid by adding a liquid that dissolves one part of the mixture, then pour it through a filter to separate the undissolved part, allowing the dissolved part to pass through.

Chromatography

Separates dissolved substances in a solution from each other by a special paper.

Centrifuge

Separates materials in a solution by density through a machine that rotates containers of liquids at high speeds.

Distillation

The process of separating a liquid homogenous mixture; the separation of liquids based on their boiling points.

Magnetic metals

Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt

Insoluble solid

Solids that can’t dissolve in a liquid.

Soluble solid

Solids that can dissolve in a liquid.