heat, work, efficiency

heat

transfer of thermal energy from a hotter body to a cooler body

temperatyre

measure of avg kinetic energy of particles

heat transfer

occurs whenever there is a temp change

thermal equilibrium

when 2 things reach the same temp, energy cannot be transferred

conduction

direct contactd

convection

energy in gluids

radiation

magnetic waves

travels even if there is a vacuum between them

work

energy transferred when object is moved against force

W = Fd

natural/spontaneous

higher temp to lower temp

system does the work

non-spontaneous

lower temp to higher

work is done onto the system

first law of thermodynamics

if u have heat and work, u have energy

heat loss

impossible to convert all heat to work due to this

machines will never be fully efficient due to this

heat engine

system that converts heat into work

takes heat from reservoir to carry out work

is discharge to sink (cold body)

thermal efficiency

ratio of useful work to heat input

external combustion engine

combustion is outside

steam engine

internal combustion engine

combustion is inside

diesel engine

thermal pollution

waste such as gases are dissipated to the environment