Buffers

Physiological buffers, buffers for clinical measurements

2 Important buffers

Physiological buffers

• Buffers in the system

• Function is to maintain blood’s pH levels

Carbonic acid

In the blood the main buffering system is the ___________ , and it is a weak acid. (H2CO3/HCO3^-3)

Phosphate

In the cellular fluid, the main buffering system is the _______ (H2PO4^-/HPO4^-2)

Biochemical reaction

If there is an increase of H+ (proton) in the cell, it is because of ?

Urea

It is the end product of protien metabolisim, it is a diamyl carbonic acid

Urine

Is rich in phosphates and nitrogen

Phosphate buffer, tris THAM (tris hydroxymethyl amino methane)

Buffers used for clinical measurements

CO2

All biomolecular action ang lumalabas na madami is acidic metabolize, thw common or pinakamataas na acidic metabolize na proproduce ha system is _____ , hiya an pinakadako nga concentration hit acidic metabolize

Constant

You can only use a phosphate buffer in the ionic strength of the system is?

Strong Electrolyte

Bast ngani mag react an usa ka WEAK electrolyte ngan STONG electrolyte, the conc. Of the product will always take the conc. of the _______?

Buffers

Is composed of weak acids and its corresponding salt or a weak base and its corresponding salt, it is the product of the common ion effect

Henderson Hasselbalch equation

Equation used for preparing buffers

pH value

Limitation of Phosphate Buffer

• The buffer capacity of the phosphate buffer is limited at a certain ______ .

• At pH 7.5 = Maximum buffer capacity

• At pH above 7.5 = Will diminish

Precipitate

Limitation of Phosphate Buffer

• The phosphate buffer has the ability to _______ or react or form complexes on a fully valent cation.

TRIS buffers

• Are commonly used buffers in the clinical laboratory and biological studies

• pH range is within the physiological value which is ABOVE 8

Properties of the TRIS buffers

• It has good stability

• High solubility in physiological fluid

• It is non-hydroscopic

• It does not absorb CO2

• It does not precipitate calcium salts or calcium ion

• It does not appear to inhibit many enzyme system

• It is compatible with biological fluids

• It has a pka close to physiological pH which is 8.08

7.5

Disadvantages of tris buffers

• The buffering capacity of the buffer diminish below ____ ?

Linen

Disadvantages of tris buffers

• Because it has; eg. Primary amine group in the component, it will react with the electrode, with the _____ part of the electrode.

Important note on physiological buffers

We need buffers in our system, and we need it to resist the changes in pH, it is because of the function of the enzymes, all biochemical reactions that occur in our system is catalyzed by specific enzyme, kasi diba if you recall, an mga biomolecules kay organic, they are located at the right side of the periodic table, they are less reactive thus slow it iya reaction, kay kailangan niyan enzyme or catalyst to speedup the rxn.

Denaturation

Process by which the protien is being destroyed through the acidity of the environment is known as?

Too acidic or too basic environment

Destruction of the teritiary, quaternary structure of the protien is due to the ?

The teritiary and quarternary structure of the protien

It is responsible for the biological function of protien.