Integumentary System and Skeletal System

Flashcards covering the key concepts from the Integumentary and Skeletal Systems as outlined in the lecture notes.

Integumentary System

The body system comprising the skin and its accessory structures, including hair, nails, and glands.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified epithelium.

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings.

Hypodermis

Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it lies beneath the dermis and consists of loose connective tissue and fat.

Keratinocytes

The primary cell type in the epidermis that produces keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin.

Melanocytes

Cells located in the epidermis that produce melanin, which gives skin its color and protects against UV damage.

Langerhans Cells

Immune cells in the epidermis that help protect against pathogens.

Merkel Cells

Tactile cells in the epidermis that function as touch receptors.

Thermoregulation

The process of maintaining an optimal body temperature through sweating and blood flow adjustments.

Sebaceous Glands

Exocrine glands in the skin that secrete oily sebum to protect and lubricate the skin.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

The most common type of sweat glands found all over the body, responsible for regulating body temperature.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands located in areas such as the armpits and groin, active during stress and sexual arousal.

Skin Cancer

Abnormal growth of skin cells, which can lead to conditions like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

The most common type of skin cancer that originates from the basal cells of the epidermis.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A type of skin cancer that originates from the squamous cells in the epidermis.

Melanoma

A serious form of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes and can spread quickly.

Skeletal System

The body system that provides structure, support, and protection; consists of bones, cartilage, and joints.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that are responsible for bone formation.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption and breakdown.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.

Epiphyseal Plate

A hyaline cartilage plate in the long bones that allows for growth and lengthening.

Haversian Canal

The central channel in bone tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone and is structured in osteons.

Spongy Bone

Lighter, less dense bone tissue that has a honeycomb structure and is usually found at the ends of long bones.

Joint

The point where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement and flexibility.

Synovial Joint

A complex joint with a joint capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage, allowing for wide range of movement.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints and can lead to joint destruction.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures.