Joints Flashcards

Flashcards for Chapter 9 Joints, covering definitions and key concepts related to joint types and disorders.

Arthrology

Study of joints

Kinesiology

Study of motion

Synarthrosis

Immovable joint

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joint

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joint

Fibrous Joint

Joint that lacks a synovial cavity and is held closely together by fibrous connective tissue.

Suture

Type of fibrous joint where a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull and is immovable.

Syndesmosis

Fibrous joint where bones are united by a ligament and is slightly movable.

Gomphosis

Fibrous joint where a ligament holds a cone-shaped peg in a bony socket and is immovable.

Cartilaginous Joint

A joint that lacks a synovial cavity and allows little or no movement.

Synchondrosis

Type of cartilaginous joint where the connecting material is hyaline cartilage and is immovable

Symphysis

Type of cartilaginous joint where fibrocartilage is the connecting material and is slightly movable.

Synovial Joint

Joint where a synovial cavity separates articulating bones and is freely movable.

Articular cartilage

Reduces friction and absorbs shock in synovial joints

Articular capsule

Surrounds the joint and has thickenings in the fibrous capsule called ligaments

Synovial membrane

Inner lining of the articular capsule in synovial joints.

Bursae

Saclike structures between structures that reduce friction (e.g., skin/bone).

Sprain

Twisting of a joint that stretches or tears ligaments.

Strain

Overstretched or partially torn muscle.

Bursae (function)

Fluid-filled saclike extensions of the joint capsule that reduce friction between moving structures.

Tendon Sheaths

Tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons at the wrist and ankle.

Bursitis

Chronic inflammation of a bursa.

Gliding Movements

Occur when relatively flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another.

Planar Joint

Bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved; side to side movement only

Hinge Joint

Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of 2nd bone; uniaxial like a door hinge

Pivot Joint

Rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by 2nd bone & ligament; monoaxial since it allows only rotation around longitudinal axis.

Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joint

Oval-shaped projection fits into oval depression; biaxial = flex/extend or abduct/adduct is possible.

Saddle Joint

One bone saddled-shaped; other bone fits as a person would sitting in that saddle; biaxial.

Ball and Socket Joint

Ball fitting into a cuplike depression; multiaxial.

Arthroscopy

Examination of a joint using an instrument the size of a pencil.

Arthroplasty

Replacement of joints.

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease commonly known as 'wear-and-tear' arthritis

Gouty Arthritis

A condition in which sodium urate crystals are deposited in soft tissues of joints, causing inflammation, swelling, and pain.

Lyme disease

A bacterial disease transmitted by deer ticks; symptoms include joint stiffness, fevers, chills, headache, and stiff neck.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune disorder where cartilage is attacked, causing inflammation, swelling & pain, and the final step is fusion of the joint.