Social 8 Contact and Change Ch 2: Expansion of Trade

Silk Road

routes that connected civilizations from the Mediterranean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east

Europe's Gateway to the East

Italy was called this because of its location in terms of trade

International Trade

the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories; the exchange of goods among nations of the world

Intercultural Contact

taking place in the trade of two or more cultures

Exchange of Ideas and Knowledge

Other than the trade of goods, another side effect of intercultural contact was __________________.

Crusades

Trade and trade routes was shaped through a series of religious wars between Christian and Muslim forces.

Contact with Muslim Civilization and Trade

two important results of the Crusades for Europeans

New ideas exposed by travel and trade

Medicine, astronomy, philosophy, mathematics, and ancient literature

Inclusive Muslim societies

They welcomed contributions of Christian and Jewish scholars, which naturally resulted in advances in learning

Transportation of goods

They were limited with options to move goods. Most goods were moved, often at enormous expense, by boat along rivers, or over land by horse, mule, or ox.

Cost of Transport

Most Europeans did not have access to trade via the sea, which resulted in having long overland routes for trade, often very unsafe.

Physical Geography

geography highlighting the features of the Earth's surface

Sea-going trade

Controlled mostly by Italian city-states; they took control of most land that was shore extending from the entire Mediterranean Sea and some pares of the North and Black Sea.

Kingdoms, Empires, Principalities ruled by Monarchs

Most counties at the time in Europe were:

City-State

a city that is politically independent and the rural area around it

Hinterland

the rural area in a city-state

4 successes of the City-States

Geography, Climate, Leadership, Social Organization

Rivalry amongst City-States

The city-states all wanted to expand their trade and business creating a rivalry between them.

Merchant

a person or company involved in trade or commerce. The were people who involved themselves in wholesale trade dealing with foreign countries or supplying goods for a specific trade.

Usury

the practice of charging interest when loaning money to someone; playing an important role in creating wealth

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

Pope Urban II

Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades

Republic

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

Medici Family

Ruled Florence during the Renaissance, became wealthy from banking, spent a lot of money on art, controlled Florence for about 3 centuries

patron

a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity