China After Mao: Economic Reforms and Political Tensions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the economic reforms and political history of China after Mao Zedong. HMW 982 - 986

Deng Xiaoping

The leader of the moderates in China who emerged after Mao's death, known for implementing significant economic reforms.

Unilateral disarmament

The process whereby a country reduces or eliminates its nuclear arsenals without requiring other nations to do the same.

Deterrence

The military strategy aimed at preventing aggression through the threat of retaliatory action.

Balance of terror

A situation in which two opposing sides maintain nuclear arsenals, ensuring mutual destruction in the event of a conflict.

Cultural Revolution

A socio-political movement initiated by Mao Zedong in 1966 aimed at preserving Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements.

Iron rice bowl

A term referring to a system of guaranteed employment and social services in China.

Market economy

An economic system in which decisions about production and consumption are made by individual producers and consumers.

Conspicuous consumption

The act of purchasing and using goods not just for their utility but to display wealth and status.

Democracy Movement

A political movement in China in the late 1980s advocating for political reform and greater freedoms.

Tiananmen Square

A large public square in Beijing that became the focal point for pro-democracy protests in 1989.

Martial law

A temporary rule by military authorities, often imposed in times of emergency.

One-child policy

A population control measure implemented by the Chinese government limiting families to one child.

Economic liberalization

The process of reducing state involvement in the economy, allowing for greater private enterprise.

Proletariat

The working class, particularly its role in capitalist societies as the labor force.

Collectivization

The process of transforming agricultural and retail sectors into collective farms and state-run enterprises.

Bureaucracy

The administrative system governing any large institution, often characterized by hierarchy and focus on rules.

Socialism

A political and economic theory advocating for communal ownership and democratic control of the means of production.

Foreign investment

Investment made by a company or individual in one country in business interests in another country.

Intellectual atmosphere

The cultural and educational environment regarding openness to new ideas and thoughts.

Corruption

The abuse of power for personal gain, often associated with bribery and unethical conduct.

Inflation

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power.

Capitalist practices

Economic practices that emphasize private ownership, profit motive, and free markets.

Entrepreneurs

Individuals who create and manage businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.

Suppress

To prevent the expression of ideas or activities, often through force or censorship.

Protests

Public demonstrations expressing dissent against policies or actions of those in power.

Human rights

Basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, including the right to life, liberty, and freedom of expression.