ib ab initio spanish grammer + essentials

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40 Terms

1
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articles ( the )

singular =

el ( masculine )

la ( feminine )

plural =

los ( masculine )

las ( feminine )

2
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articles ( a / an / some )

singular =

un(masculine )

una ( feminine)

plural =

unos(masculine)

unas(feminine)

3
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masculine nouns

ends with ( o ) and ( ma )

4
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feminine nouns

ends with ( a ) and ( cion / sion / dad )

5
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what happens if a noun ends with vowel

we have to add ( s )

for instance

libro ( libros )

6
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what happens if a noun ends in a consonant

we have to add ( es )

for instance

papel ( papeles)

7
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what are the special cases for noun endings

luz ( luces )

pez ( peces )

cafe’( cefe’s)

bambu’(bambu’es)

8
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what are the subjects pronouns in spanish

yo / tu / el /ella / usted / nosotros / vosotros / ellas / ellos / ustedes

9
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what are the object pronouns in spanish

me = me

you = te

him / her = lo / la

us = nos

you all = os

them = los/ las

10
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what are the possessive pronouns in spanish

singular

mine = mio / mia

yours = tuyo / tuya

his / hers= suyo/suya

plural

mine = mios / mias

yours = tuyos / tuyas

his / hers = suyos / suyas

11
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conjugate present tense

AR ( hablar )

hablo

hablas

hablas

hablamos

hablais

hablan

IR ( vivir )

vivo

vives

vive

vivimos

vivis

viven

ER ( comer )

como

comes

come

comemos

comeis

comen

12
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conjugate present continious ( for actions happening right now and temporary actions )

estar ( to be )

estoy

estas

esta

estamos

estais

estan

( for AR verbs we have to remove the AR and replace with ando for instance hablar ‘hablando ‘ )

( for IR / ER verbs we have to remove the IR/ER and replace with iendo for instance comer ‘ comiendo ‘ vivir ‘ viviendo’

13
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what are the spatial cases for present continous conjuagtion

verbs ending with ER / IR with a vowel before it be like

leer ( leyendo )

construir ( construyendo)

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immediate future tense conjugation ( going to )

step 1 )

conjugation IR in present tense

yo voy

tu vas

el/ella /usted van

nosotros vamos

vosotros vais

ellos / ellas / ustedes van

step 2 ) add a

step 3 ) the infinitive remain unchanged

example ( Im going to park = voy a en el parque )

example ( its going to rain = va a lluver )

15
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past tense conjugations ( completed actions )

AR ( hablar )

hable

hablaste

hablo

hablamos

hablasteis

hablaron

IR / ER ( comer / vivir )

come/vive

comiste / viviste

como/vivo

comimos/vivimos

comisteis,vivisteis

comieron/vivieron

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irregular verbs ( ser = to be ) ( permenant ) charecteristics / qualities

yo soy

tu eres

el/ella /ustedes es

nostro somos

vosotro sois

ellos/ellas/ustedes son

( i am a student = yo soy estudiante )

17
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irregular verbs ( ser = to be )( temporary ) states / locations

yo estoy

tu estas

el / ella / usted esta

nosotro estamos

vosotro estais

ellos / ellas / ustedes estan

(i am tired = estoy cansada)

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irregular verbs ( IR =to go )

yo voy

tu vas

el/ella / usted va

nosotro vamos

vosotro vais

ellos/ellas / ustedes van

( i am going to the mall = voy a en el centro comercial )

19
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irregualr verbs ( hacer = todo / to make )

yo hago

tu haces

el/ella/usted hace

nosotros hacemos

vosotros haceis

ellos/ellas/ustedes hacen

( i do my homework = hago mi tarea )

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irregular verbs ( tener = to have )

yo tengo

tu tienes

el/ella/usted tiene

nosotros tenemos

vosotros teneis

ellos/ellas/ustedes tienen

( i have black hair = yo tengo cabello negro )

21
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irregular verbs ( poder = to be able to / can )

yo puedo

tu puedes

el/ella/usted puede

nosotros podemos

vosotros podeis

ellos/ellas/ustedes pueden

( i can speak spanish = yo puedo hablar espanol )

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A

to / at

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DE

of/from/about

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EN

in/on/at

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CON

with

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POR

for / by / through

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PARA

in order to , to , for

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QUE

what

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COMO

how

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DONDE

where

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QUANDO

when

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POR QUE

why

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what is the negative of (habla espanol )

no haba espanol

34
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NUNCA

never

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NADA

nothing

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NADIE

nobody

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NINGUN

none

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TAMPOCO

neither

39
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what is the spanish version of i dont have anything

i dont have nothing

( no tengo nada )

40
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when negative words are placed before the verb do not use ( no )

i never eat chocolate = nunca como chocolato