USH exam semester one review

Tariff

tax on imports

Suffrage

the right to vote

Protective tariff

The Tariff of 1816, meant to encourage the purchase of American products

Revenue tariff

a tax meant to raise money

Commerce

Trade between other nations or states

Proclamation of 1763

The first major act passed by the British

Urbanization

an effect of the First Industrial Revolution and the expansion of factories in the cities

Pilgrims

Protestants who sought to separate from the Church Of England

Puritans

Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England

3/5 Compromise

Passed in writing the Constitution, this agreement was passed tot appease the South, each slave would count for 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation purposes

Gibbens v. Ogden

Affirmed federal authority to regulate interstate commerce

Marbury v. Madison

Established the precedent of judicial review

Martin v Hunter

Established Supreme Court's authority to hear appeals from states

McCulloch v. Maryland

Affirmed the federal government's ability to use implied powers

Intolerable Acts

Passed in response to the Boston Tea Party and was the last before declaring independence

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state- way to figure out if future states will be slave or free, states above the border of Missouri would be free, below would be slave states, appeased the South

T/F the French and Indian War was part of the global Seven Years War

True

T/F The invention of the steam engine expanded the use of slaves in the South

False- the cotton gin

T/F The Treaty of Ghent was an agreement between the United States and Spain in which the U.S. gained Florida

False- Adams-Onis Treaty

T/F The Election of 1800 was decided by the House of Representatives, resulting in Jefferson's election and the 19th Amendment

False- 12th amendment

T/F One effect of the War of 1812 was that the Republican-Democrats dissolved, leaving one political party remaining

False- Federalist party

T/F The Second Bank of the U.S. was created using enumerated power of Congress, which was affirmed by the Supreme Court

False- implied powers

T/F South Carolina passed a nullification law that announced the various tariff actas as unconstitutional and, therefore, they didn't have to follow them

True

T/F Adams bought the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon without Senate approval

False- Jefferson

T/F An "sedition" is the term used to describe someone who resides in the U.S. but was born outside of the U.S.

False- "alien"

Adams Onis Treaty

Treaty with SPain and ultimately gave Florida to the United States and left both sides relinquishing land rights

Monroe Doctrine

Announced the U.S. would stay out of European affairs tif they would stay out of the affairs of the U.S.

Constiution

Split the government into 3 branches- judicial, legislative, executive

Focus of Article III and includes the Supreme Court

Judicial branch

Focus of Article I and includes Congress

Legislative branch

Focus of Article II and includes the president

Executive branch

Alexander Hamilton

Pushed Congress to pass legislation to create the First National Bank. He argued they had implied powers

Implied powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

Manifest Destiny

pushed people to settle the west because they were destined by God

Thomas Jefferson

Argued against First National Bank and claimed the central government should not do action that were not enumerated powers

Enumerated powers

Powers specifically listen in the Constitution

Elastic Clause

Set of the idea of implied powers

Alien & Sedition Acts

Enabled someone to be charged with a crime if they criticized the government, passed by John Adams

Fugitive Slave Act

part of the Compromise of 1850, passed to allow California into the Union as a free state, Said that if a runaway slave went to the north and the south needed help capturing them, the northerners needed to help capture and any African American could be accused of being a runaway slave and tried unfairly

Compromise of 1850

Agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories- (1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Kansas Nebraska Act

Passed in response to the Transcontinental Railroad running through the North, repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed the question of slavery in new states to be decided by popular vote

In order to appease _______________ framers added the Bill of Rights which listen individual and state rights

Anti-federalists

Judicial review

allows the supreme court to have the ability to rule actions taken by they other branches as unconstitutional and has the final say; also able to hear appeals from lower courts, both federal and state

Cause and effect: Gold Rush and Compromise of 1850

- Gold Rush had people flock to California, once they had enough people wanted to become a free state, but fell below and above the Missouri Compromise

- Compromise of 1850 had 8 parts with pairs of 2, that appeased the north and south, that basically said popular sovereignty would choose free or slave, solved the issue with California

Cause and effect: Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

- Articles of Confederation showed many flaws that were later specifically addressed in the in Constitution

- Ex) Congress wasn't able to control trade and commerce in the Articles of Confederation, in the Constitution they had the ability to control trade and commerce, was fixed

Cause and effect: Fugitive Slave Act and the Civil War

- Fugitive Slave Act was the 1st time the federal gov't was involved with slavery

- Made previously indifferent northerners into abolitionists

Short answer: Where did the road to Civil War begin? In your answer, make a claim, then include at least four major events/acts that contributed to the coming Civil War as your evidence/explanation.

- Road began when slavery didn't seem to go away

- Missouri Compromise: sloppy bandaid to keep north and south happy for a bit

- Kansas Nebraska Act: showed the brutality in which the north and south would fight for slavery and state rights

- Fugitive Slave Act: Made previously indifferent northerners into abolitionists

- Dread Scott Case: Made the northerners more agitated, upset at the unjustness of Scott's case

Name and explain the 4 principals the Constitution was founded on

1- Popular Sovereignty: the people have the power

2- Checks and balances: The government branches keep each other accountable by balancing it out

3- Federalism: A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

4- Separation of powers: the government is split into three branches (legislative, executive, judicial)