Genetics

genetics

genetics

field of biology devoted to understanding how traits are inherited through generations.

gregor mendel

father of genetics. studied traits in pea plants

trait

any characteristic that can be inherited from parent to offspring.

alleles

alternative forms of a trait.

gene

section of chromosome ( DNA ) that codes for a specific trait.

somatic cell

body cell.

gamete

reproductive cell.

heterozygous

genotype w two different alleles ( ex: Hh )

homozygous

genotype w two same alleles ( ex: aa )

dominant

masks the recessive allele ( ex: Aa or AA )

recessive

allele masked by dominant ( ex: aa )

law of dominance

if two alleles are diffy, one allele can control and the other is hidden.

autosomes

all chromosomes w the exception of sex chromosomes.

sex chromosomes

pair that determines the sex of an individual.

homologous chromosomes

pairs of chromosomes in a diploid individual that have the same generic content. one of each pair is inherited from each parent.

incomplete dominance

neither allele is dominant. this affects the heterozygous individual which shows a phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes.

codominance

a heterozygous genotype results in both traits being expressed ( ex: a black and white chicken )

diploid

cell containing both chromosomes of a homologous pairm set from each parent ( body cells )

haploid

cell contacting one set of chromosomes ( gametes )

genome

complete generic material contained in an individual.

genotype

genetic makeup of an organism.

phenotype

external appearance of an individual determined by genotype.

carrier

individual who has the allele for a trait or disease but does not have the disease or outwardly express the trait.

FOIL

tool used to determine the possible outcomwsnofna dihybrid cross ( 2 traits )

FIRST - OUTSIDE - INSIDE - KAST