Inheritance IGCSE Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to inheritance and genetics as discussed in the lecture notes.

The entirety of an organism's DNA is known as its __.

genome

A gene is a section of a molecule of __.

DNA

Each gene codes for a particular sequence of __.

amino acids

Chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell are formed by supercoiling of __.

DNA double helix

Ordinary human body cells contain __ pairs of chromosomes.

23

The genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell is called __.

DNA

RNA nucleotides contain adenine (A), guanine (G), and __.

cytosine (C)

In RNA, thymine (T) is replaced by __.

uracil (U)

The process of __ occurs in the nucleus to produce mRNA.

transcription

The stage where mRNA is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids is called __.

translation

Alleles are alternative forms of the same __.

gene

The observable characteristics of an organism are called __.

phenotype

The combination of alleles an organism has for a particular gene is called the __.

genotype

A dominant allele only needs to be inherited from __ parent for the characteristic to appear in the phenotype.

one

If an organism’s genotype has two identical alleles, it is called __.

homozygous

If the two alleles of a gene are different, the individual is __.

heterozygous

Codominance occurs when both alleles of a gene are expressed in the __.

phenotype

The inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene can be determined using a __ diagram.

Punnett square

Meiosis produces __ cells, which are genetically different.

gamete

The term __ refers to the process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.

natural selection

An individual with alleles that are both recessive must have the genotype __.

homozygous recessive.

Variation can be caused by differences in genes and __ factors.

environmental