Self-Concept and Sociological Perspectives

These flashcards cover key concepts related to self-concept, social perspectives, philosophical viewpoints, and theories of personality development; designed to assist in understanding foundational ideas for an upcoming exam.

Ideal Self

Who you want to be or envision yourself to be.

Self-Image

How you see yourself at the moment.

Self-Esteem

Value, acceptance, and liking of oneself.

Congruence

Self-concept aligned with reality.

Incongruence

Mismatch between self-image and ideal self, affecting self-esteem.

Self-Actualization

Achieving one's full potential and realizing one's capabilities.

Philosophy

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence.

Know Thyself

Socratic principle emphasizing self-examination and understanding.

Dichotomous Realm

Division between changeable, transient physical realm and the unchanging, eternal realm of the soul.

Looking-Glass Self

Concept that self-perception is influenced by how we think others see us.

Social Comparison Theory

Idea that self-concept and self-esteem are influenced by comparing ourselves to others.

Cognitive Dissonance

Mental discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs or values.

Self-Presentation

The act of presenting oneself in a way that will be accepted by others.

Self-Efficacy

An individual's belief in their ability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance.

Self-Regulation

The ability to exert control over one's own motivation and behavior.

Cultural Anthropology

Study of cultural meaning, including norms and values.

Material Culture

Physical objects and resources defining a culture.

Non-Material Culture

Non-physical ideas, including beliefs, values, and norms.

Individualism

Value of personal independence, individual achievement and self-expression.

Collectivism

Value of interdependence, group success, and adherence to norms.

Unconscious Mind

Reservoir of thoughts and emotions outside of conscious awareness.

Id

The part of the personality that contains primal instincts and desires.

Ego

The conscious part of the personality that mediates between the id and the superego.

Superego

Moral framework regulating actions and judgments.

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious protective behaviors to reduce anxiety.

Self-Actualization

The realization of one's potential and the fulfillment of personal growth.

Humanistic Psychology

An approach that emphasizes the whole person and unique individual experiences.