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What did FDR believe was the best way to generate prosperity and economic growth after WWII?
To increase the amount of trade between countries and to create institutions that would keep the trade system stable.
Two Examples of FDR believed the best way to generate prosperity and economic growth.
world bank, international monetary fund.
The Declaration of a Liberated Europe
“The right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live”
What became the first UN human rights treaty?
The text of the convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of Genocide.
In his meeting with Molotov what did Truman demand? What did the meeting mark?
Demanded that Stalin hold free elections as he promised at Yalta. Marked an important shift in Soviet and American relations.
Explain how satellite nations worked.
Although not under direct Soviet control these nations had to remain communist and friendly to the Soviet union. They had to follow policies that the soviets approved
Explain the basic American policy throughout the Cold War.
A long term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies
Explain the problem with the Soviet system.
The Soviets had major economic and political weaknesses.
Explain what would eventually happen and how it would work out?
If the United States could keep the Soviets from expanding their power it would fall apart, beating communism without going to war.
What did Truman do on March 12, 1947? What did this pledge?
Truman went before Congress to ask for 400 million dollars to fight communist aggression in Greece and Turkey. Pledged the U.S. to fight the spread of communism worldwide.
Marshall Plan It would give what? to who? for what?
Would give European nations American aid to rebuild their economies.
Started when? When who did what? When did it end?
The Berlin airlift began in June 1948 and continued through the spring of May 1949. Soviet troops blockaded West Berlin
Where is Korea divided? When & why did the war start?
The Allies divided Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude. On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops invaded the south, driving back the poorly equipped south Korean forces.
According to Truman what was a test to our containment policy.
Truman saw the Communist invasion of South Korea as a test of the containment policy.
When & why was he fired?
MacArthur was fired in April 1951 of insubordination.
By mid 1951 the war?
The war was settled into a series of relatively small battles over hills and other local objectives.
What did Eisenhower quietly hint to the Chinese? Did it work? This is known as? When did the Korean War end?
That the U.S. might use nuclear attack in Korea. Yes it seemed to work. This is known as a brinkmanship. In July 1953 negotiations signed an armistice.
Explain why Korea was a turning point in the Cold War. (Before and after)
Before the U.S. had preferred to use political pressure and economic aid to contain communism. After the Korean war began, the U.S. embarked on a major military buildup. The U.S became more militaryly involved in Asia.
Who did the US send aid to in the mid 1950s?
Vietnam.
When did the New Red Scare start and how?
Began in September 1945 when a clerk named Igor Gouzenko walked out of the Soviet Embassy in Canada and defected. He carried documents with him showing a Soviet effort to infiltrate the government agencies in SU and Canada.
What happened in 1947?
Edgar Hoover FBI DIrector urged HUAC to hold public hearings on communist subversion to expose not just communists but also communist sympathizers and fellow travelers.
June 1953?
The Rosenbergs were executed for espionage.
Why did the Red Scare grow stronger in 1949?
The soviet union had successfully tested an atomic bomb and China fell to communism.
In Feb. 1950 what did Senator McCarthy say he had?
He had a list of 205 communists who worked in the State department as being members of the communist party.
In 1953 what did McCarthy become? Which forced who to do what?
Chairman of the senate subcommittee on investigations. Which forced government officials to testify about alleged communist influences.
What was McCarthyism and why wasn’t it challenged?
Tactic of damaging reputations with vague, unfounded charges and it was not challenged because people did not want to become targets.
How, when, and where did he lose popular support?
In 1954, during television hearings millions of Americans watched Mccarthy bully and harass officers on television and he also looked for Soviet spies in the US army.
Explain how Eisenhower felt about military might and war.
Instead of maintaining a large and expansive army, we must prepare to use atomic weapons.
Wars has to be prevented and the best best way to do that was to threaten to use atomic weapons.
The US couldn’t contain communism fighting a series of small wars because they were unpopular and too expensive. Wars had to be prevented in the first place.
How the US stopped countries from turning Communist
Financial aid also in some cases seemed stronger CIA ran covert operations to overthrow anti- American leaders and replace them with pro American leaders.
As a result of Sputnik(date) what did Eisenhower establish (date).
On October 4,1957 the Soviets demonstrated this technology by launching Sputnik. Eisenhower established NASA in the late 1958.
What did Nikita Khrushchev do in 1958?
Demanded the withdrawal of Allied troops from West Berlin.
Who was Dulles and what was his response?
Secretary of state Dulles rejected Khrushchev’s demands and threatened Berlin, NATO would respond, “if need be by military force”,
What had worked?
Brinkmanship worked again, and Khrushchev backed down.
Who was supposed to meet in a summit in 1960 and what happened shortly before? At first what did Eisenhower claim?
Khrushchev and Eisenhower were suppose meet in a summit in Paris 1960. Shortly before the Soviet Union shot down an American U-Z spy plane. Eisenhower claimed that the aircraft was a weather plane that had strayed off course.
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