ANINMAL NUTRITION

A compound or substance needed to support the maintenance, growth, development, lactation, reproduction, and health of animals

NUTRIENT

• An edible material that contains nutrients

• Is material that, after ingestion by animals, is capable of being digested, absorbed and utilized

Food

• Food for farm animals (e.g., livestock, poultry, fish and shrimp)

Feed

dried pasture, leaves, stems, green chop, and hay

dry forages 

forage feeds

Green pasture, range plants, and freshly fed green forages

ensiled corn, alfalfa, and grass

Silages

corn, wheat, barley, and rice

energy feeds 

soybean meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, poultry meal, fish meal, and milk replacer

Protein feeds

Any material used for feed

Feedstuff

• Is a component or constituent that comprises the feed

Ingredient in feed 

Feedstuff and feed ingredient

Interchangeable terms

• Is a mixture of feedstuffs that supplies nutrients to an animal

Diet

• Is the daily allowance or amount of feed provided to an animal

Ration

• Is the feed consumed by an animal on regular occasions (e.g., morning and evening

Meal

• Is the act or process of nourishing or being nourished; specifically, the sum of the processes by which an animal takes in and utilizes food substances

• As the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food that influence the maintenance, growth, development, reproduction, and health of animals

Nutrition (is the act..)

Nutrition includes:

• Food intake

• Digestion, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, and catabolism of nutrients

• Excretion of metabolites

Includes essentially every biological science that can be applied to the study of nutrient utilization and nutritional problems in livestock, poultry, fish, and other species.

Animal nutrition

Obbjective of Animal nutrition:

1. improve the ______, ______, and health of animals

survival, growtrh

Ferrets and minks are

carnivores 

cervids and new world camelids

herbivores

Cats are ________ carnivores

obligate

Dogs are ________ carnivores 

facultative 

Water content of newborns

750-800 g/kg

Water content of mature

500 g/kg

• Formed during metabolism by the oxidation of hydrogen-containing organic nutrients

Metabolic water 

Water content of concedntrates

60/g/kg

Water content of some root crops

900 g/kg

• Composition of food is often expressed on a___ _____ basis

dry matter

Dry matter

Organic

• Mineral elements as structural components

• Proteins = _______

• Lipids and carbohydrates = __________

sulfur

phosphorus

Are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a typical ratio of 1:2:1

Carbohydrates 

Animal body (Lipids)

• Older = ____________

• Younger = ____________

• greater proportion

• lesser proportion

In _______, prioteins are mostly present as enzymes

plant

• Nitrogen-containing compounds

• Play a basic role in the synthesis of proteins in all living organisms

• Carry the genetic information of the living cell

• DNA • RNA

nucleic acids 

• Minute amounts in plants and animals • Important as components of enzyme systems

vitamins

Contains all those elements present in plants and animals other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

inorganic matters

Main inorganic matters in animals 

calcium

phosphorus 

Main inorganic component in plants

potassium

silicon

• Large changes in heat production can take place within the animal with very litter alteration in body temperature

High specific heat of water

• Role in the regulation of body temperature • Evaporation from the lungs and skin

High latent heat of evaportation 

ENergy storage of Pants

CHO

• starch

• fructans

energy storage in animals

lipids

• Role as intermediates in the general metabolism of the cell

Organic acids (citric, fumaric, pyruvic, malic, succunic)

Acetic, lactic, butyricm and propinoic are _____ acids

Fermantation aicds